Achievement Standard Music Studies free essay sample

The rising prosperity Of the 18th century, and first attiring of the industrial revolution, introduced the rise in the wealth and position of the small body of the bourgeoisie (wealthy stratum of the middle class) as consumers of culture. This new consciousness of the middle class eventually did away with the former supremacy of music heard by the nobility and court; the two classes beginning to sit alongside one another in the audience at public concerts. As a result, demand for the work of a classical composer derived from two sources: continued patronage of royalty and nobility, and the emerging free market.During this period of time, Mozart as no longer performing solely for the courts, and had instead changed to performing public concerts for both classes. While the middle class were just beginning to become familiar with classical music, the aristocracy were generally prepared to listen to only new music; usually no works written more than a decade earlier. We will write a custom essay sample on Achievement Standard Music Studies or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This would have pushed Mozart to come up with compositions, like 41st Symphony, that appealed to both classes of audience. In terms of his 41st; seeing how many different expressive and compositional devices he could cram into a single symphony, and trying to achieve impolitely while sticking to the basis of the classical genre, he was able to create a symphony of extremes. In the words of reviewer Tom Services , this innocent little tune (referring to the aria theme played at the beginning of the development section) is exposed to all of the contrapuntal experience Mozart can muster a crucible highfalutin compositional mastery and chromatic intensity.Mozart was ultimately trying his very best to create works that would appeal to both audiences, while creating a spectacular work in progress. His urge to e an independent, freelance artist is reflected by his incorporation of innovative ideas and movements into his works, remaining in the boundary of classical music, to maximize his appeal. This appeal applied to his work in opera also, as he would create works in each of the current styles of Europe; refl ecting his stance in staying mainstream in the performance scene, and retaining a wide range of appeal by producing works in a variety of styles.In early 1 782 while he was in Vienna, his main pre-occupation was with his opera Die .NETwrung, but he complained that he was not making enough none from opera so began devoting more time and energy in other directions likely prompting the shift to writing symphonies and other pieces in comparison to operas. In Mozart words to his father Leopold; Believe me, my sole purpose is to make as much money as possible; for after good health it is the best thing to have. This essentially states that money is Mozart main source of motivation; innovative compositions = appeal, appeal ? wealth.Mozart decade in Vienna was a noteworthy period of transition in the economics of music, particularly in composition. The interest of argosies in classical music contributed to the demand that underlay the creation of a free market in musical composition, which previously wouldnt have existed as it was only readily available for nobility consumption. Through this development, demand helped stimulate supply; the product of the composer becoming a commodity that could be bought or sold at a range of prices.Mozart was one of the first musicians in Vienna who turned his talents as a composer and virtuoso pianist into such, seldom composing without commercial incentive. Following this change to public consumption, where impositions and performances were seen as goods and services, Mozart would have wanted to establish his reputation early in order to maximize the demand for his compositions an increase in demand likely to subsequently result in an increase in supply I. E. Number of compositions produced. These economic circumstances may have directly affected Mozart composition writing.In 41st Symphony, the movement at the beginning of the development section was a re-used aria part from a previous work of his entitled Un Abaci did Mann. While the movement was used effectively to form he structure of the symphony, it saved him writing a completely new section for the composition. This act of re-using material may have been down to saving stress from the constant composing, in order to produce something worthy for his audience who would have had relatively high expectations due to his reputation.The increased demand for compositions, combined with the changing tastes of the Viennese bourgeoisie and integration of classes to form one audience, would have definitely impacted Mozart composition writing during this time period. Not only did he have to provide music that fit he basis of the current style of classical music, but he had to use innovative ideas in his writing in order to appeal to a larger demographic of listeners.Having to repeatedly borrow money from friends due to his numerous excursions, he would have had to have a large amount of appeal in order to satisfy his lifestyle; achieved through the production of remarkable compositions, such as his 41 SST Jupiter Symphony, for the consumption of both aristocracy and middle class. Historical and Geographical Mozart time in Vienna (capital of Austria), in the late 1 8th century, has been aid to be the most fruitful and successful period of his life.Considerable portions of the Hapsburg territories, and Austrian lands especially, were highly prosperous towards the end of this time period. Vienna was estimated to be the largest and wealthiest area in the German lands, but its population of nearly a quarter of a million people was only about half tha t of Paris, meaning that Vienna had a high considerable amount of wealth per capita in comparison. However, the occurrence of the Turkish war was probably in part responsible for Mozart financial difficulties during 1789-1790.His resource of income had been made precarious following the departure of his Emperor Joseph II, along with part of the music-supporting nobility, while a sharp, short-lived inflation is likely to have cut into the purchasing power of his income also. As a result, Mozart would not have been able to solely rely on courts for money anymore, thus needed to boost his appeal within the public market through his compositions in order to stay out of debt ? the more innovative the composition, the better.Emperor Joseph II, Mozart employer, seemed to have a strong desire for him to remain in Vienna, but at the lowest expense with commissions that were believed to be less than generous. In addition, the gradual replacement of the old Capable arrangement, where professional musicians were employed by courts to perform, began approximately with the Seven Years war (1756-1763). Mozart, his level of employment by the courts beginning to appear unpredictable, now had to seek out public performances in order to earn money reliance on the market for music was far greater now than it had been previously.Effects of inflation would also have meant that performances would become more expensive, so audiences would have had to have a reasonably high l evel of demand to see him perform, thus he would have had to provide music that had high appeal in order to secure his reputation. According to another sources; when Austria was drawn into war with Turkey (based on an alliance with Russia), this not have any immediate negative effect in Vienna the war instead kindling great patriotic enthusiasm which was reflected in a number of Mozart works.This patriotic enthusiasm can be seen to have had a significant impression on his 41st symphony, reflected by the pieces strong Hyannis and crescendos that emit a strong sense of impressiveness and splendor. This use of dynamics is apparent right at the beginning of the piece, in bars 1-2 then again in bars 4-5; the orchestra opening the symphony with three bursts of magnificent sound unusual for a classical symphony during this period to start with such volume. Reviewer Tom Services refers to this movement as, The most memorable first sections to a symphony that anyone had conceived up to this point . He low comedy of opera buff (Italian comic opera) as opposed to high-minded symphonic discussion. This reflects the positive, uplifting mood of the opening movement, while hooking the listener and commanding their attention right away. The name of the piece, Jupiter, can also be compared with that Of the Roman God Of sky and thunder in mythology; the thunder reflecting the use of strong dynamics in the piece, particularly those in the opening movement and the finale.Furthermore, his primary sacred animal is the eagle, which became one of the most common symbols of the roman army; the ide a of warfare relating back to Australias participation with Russia in the Turkish war. Fifth story of that operatic tune first movement is to turn instinctive emotion into contrapuntal experience, the finale (the transition shown above ? note the change in dynamics) does exactly the reverse, transmuting the most complex arts of compositional craft into pure, exhilarating feeling . However, this last movement (Mozart supposed symphonic innovation) is believed to have been borrowed from the Haydn brothers. Similarities between Michael Heydays 29th and 39th symphonies and Mozart 41st have been said to be sometimes startling, while influences taken from their works for Mozart inhale are said to be unquestionable. This accused plagiarism is most likely to be accidental because Mozart had a gift for imitating music he had heard; due to traveling widely, he had acquired a rare collection of experiences from which to create his unique compositional language.On the other hand, these were tough economic times for a musician; having already re-used one of his own movements for his 41st symphony, surely he wouldnt go as far as to intentionally plagiarism another musicians work in order to perfect one of his own compositions. Allegations aside, the Turkish war and Austrian economy urine this time period would have had a pretty significant impact on Mozart composing. The u se of dynamics in the 41 SST symphony used effectively in order to promote and reflect patriotism and enthusiasm in the state, as well as the bold tone in contrast to the poor state of economy following inflation.Mozart could have empathetic with the struggles associated with war and incorporated these themes into his music, instead he incorporates the opposite. Jupiter stands as a superbly valiant piece, expressing numerous dynamics and displays of optimism in time of conflict. Aesthetic The Classical period saw an increase in popularity of the new gallant style of composition, becoming very popular in London and Italy into the late sass.Described as simple, light music, with an emphasis on tonic, dominant, and subordination to the exclusion of other chords, expressiveness, and clearly articulated structures, this style of music tended to increase the level of attendance at operas and concerts. Mozart works spanned the period in which this style began to incorporate some of the more contrapuntal complexities of the late Baroque period, complexities against which the Allan style had originally been a reaction; his own stylistic development is said to have closely paralleled the classical style as a whole.Mozart is likely to have selected aspects of both Baroque and gallant style to incorporate in his work in order to have a wider range of a ppeal due to changing tastes and preferences, potentially adjusting his style of composition in order to cater for both Baroque and Classical influences. Vienna was said to be the land of the piano; Mozart greatest musical triumphs were as a piano composer while piano concertos were the central products of his concert activity. Unusually, there is no piano in the 41st Symphonys instrumentation. One might think that this is a possible change of direction for Mozart in order to increase appeal or explore further ideas without its use, however, it is most likely missing because as a primarily piano performer, Mozart did not want to play with orchestra that would overpower him. Pianos during his time only had one string for each note, while a modern piano has three for each resulting in a much more powerful sound, thus the reason for the piano being dropped entirely from the symphony.In terms of instrumentation, a classical orchestra during this time was rather limited in terms of the number of various instruments that were available to be played. No brass instruments had valves during this period so use was limited, as was the use of percussion due to the limited number of types available. While harpsichord was the most common keyboard instrument during this time, there was very little control over how loud or soft the sound would be; wouldnt have been included considering the dynamics in this symphony (in particular) were a key feature.The Jupiter score itself is composed for one flute, two oboes, two bassoons, two horns in C, two trumpets in C, two timpanists in C and G, and a strings section including two violins, a viola, cello and double bass. In a time where the traditional polyphonic sound transitioned into a more homophobic sound, the size of the orchestra used by Mozart during this time was relatively restricted in comparison with the Classical orchestras of today, primarily due to smaller performance spaces intended for smaller audiences as many performances were often in palaces or even private homes.