The Dramatic Scenes Of Romeo And Juliet English Literature Essay

The Dramatic Scenes Of Romeo And Juliet English Literature EssayRomeo and Juliet is a story of mania set in Verona that has an unfortunate tragic ending. At the beginning of the turn, the auditory sense is shown the prologue of the play that familiarizes them with the tragic ending to come. In the play the hearing sees a lot of contrast between make out and hate and contrasts of emotions will befit app arnt as you continue through the play.The masked ball is at the very beginning of the play. Dramatic irony is allowed to run throughout the play as from the prologue the audience enkindle sort out that Romeo and Juliet ar both(prenominal) acquittance to collide and fall in love and this will happen condescension the fact that they are from quarreling families. As the audience hears in the prologueA duad of star-crossd lovers take their life.This means that they sacrifice met hardly through fate and observe and that they will both die together. When they meet at the bal l they have no idea to whom one an separate is and after enquiring they soon define out that they are from rivaling families. The prologue was preformed in a sonnet, which consists of 14 lines and 10 syllables in each(prenominal) line. Once Juliet realizes that Romeo is a Montague she immediately tells herself thatMy only love sprung from my only true hateThis de nones that Juliet had notwithstanding thought she had found the right soulfulness who she loves but she massnot love him, as he is her born enemy, a Montague.Romeo and Juliet are sharing actions. This shows that Romeo and Juliet have quickly pose attracted to each other. The audience canister see the couples togetherness like a shot Romeo and Juliet can to a fault see their togetherness as they both exchange the hand position of prayer. This equates with the religious imagery and connotations within their speech. It is also showing that the human relationship between the couple will expand onto a more faithful way. The audience sees that Juliet is reluctant to kiss Romeo when she saysIf I misdirect with my unworthiest hand This holy shrine, the gentle fine is this My lips, both blushing pilgrims, congeal stand to smooth that rough touch with a tender kiss. using up a religious metaphor, Romeo remarkably talks Juliet in to allowing Romeo to kiss her. notwithstanding this metaphor offers more uses.O, then, dear saint, let lips do what hands do They pray grant thou, lest faith turn to despair.A way in which Shakespeare has made this moving-picture show dramatically important is as the way that Shakespeare portrays Romeos thoughts when he first meets Juliet in a very poetical and romantic way. This becomes dramatically important as Romeo then links to a dove environ by ugly crowsBeauty withal rich for use, for earth too dear, So shows a snowy dove trooping with crows.From this the audience can tell that Romeo is completely shocked about Juliets appearance and beings to demonstrate her be auty. This is showing love at first sight with Juliet and after the first time he lays eyes on her he saysDid my heart love till now?Romeos use of language and speech is a lot more poetic in contrast to Lord Capulets jesting language. Capulets speech is fun and exceptional in comparison to Romeos language being extremely dramatic and say in a serious manor and being very knockout about what he is saying. It is almost as if it is too late for Romeo and Juliet as they fall in love before they find out each others identitiesThe Montagues and Capulets fight takes place in the opening scene of the play. In this the audience can see an indication that the romance between Romeo and Juliet is set to become very complex due to the fighting between the two families and that their relationship could end in tragedy.This scene is very important as it gives the scene a lot of structure. The themes that the audience can take from this scene are marriage, love, hate and contest. Marriage in thi s scene refers to Paris bid to marry Juliet. Love in this scene refers to Romeo and Juliet unexpectedly converging and then at a time falling in love. Hate is found in this scene when Romeo and other close friends of the Montague Family, who are also foes of the Capulets, attend the Ball uninvited. And the audience sees conflict in this scene when Tybalt finds out Romeo is attending the Ball and wants him to immediately be removed.When Tybalt suddenly realizes that Romeo is at the ball the happening of the atmosphere immediately changes as there is conflict and confrontation between Romeo and Tybalt, the audience knows this as Tybalt proclaims sick(p) not endure him. He shall be endured.From this you can see that the two phrases are matched and that there is now a lot of anger approach from Tybalt sparking tension between the two characters that the audience immediately will disassemble up. A lot of thing tell in Romeo and Juliet are said in a similar way to a poem, this is c alled iambic pentameter sound as the audience sees when Tybalt exclaims.Ill not endure him, He shall be endured.This line is split, but the two different sentences are similar, the audience can tell that this is an argumentative conversation in this part if the play as by the way the sentence is converged. Tybalt uttersFetch me my rapier boy.From this the audience can see that Tybalt has longed to fight Romeo and is more than willing to do so. The audience whitethorn decide to interpret this as anger and tension being created from the feud between the two rivalling families. And doing so will make the audience sick and ambitious.The story ends in tragedy and the audience is then left to feel sympathetic for Romeo and Juliet, as it was fait that played a very big are in the story. As just after one died the other died not knowing and reasoning into why one another died, but just assuming it was cause on their behalf. Not only this but Shakespeares use of dramatic affect really heig htens the feeling that the audience receives from the play.

The Press Agentry Model

The crowd Agentry ModelPress agentry framework was the earlier PR mannequin. It comes out in the late 19th century Grunig Hunt, 1984. The rosiness of this influence from 1850 to 1900 and P.T. Barnum was the representative of the historical figure (Chao, 2012). Press agentry model is one-way communication as the flow of in classation is lonesome(prenominal) from the sender to the receiver, i.e. source-to-receiver communication. hatful who send out the message argon not much go no account of second fail outys response, comment, point of view and so on. Press agentry attempts to alter the act of unexclusives whereas do not have the intention to kind the behavior of the organization. Public relations whose argon under take agentry campaign for furtherance in the media in almost any way possible.Practitioners of press agentry have included so-called fathers of modern PR, Ivy Lee and Edward Bernays. In the former(a)(a) 20th Century, both were Broadway press agents, when Br oadway was the capital of the entertainment world, sooner moving on. Bernays move into constructed news that accounts for interview perceptions and biases is a sophisticated form of press agentry. His 1915 80-page press packet for the Diaghilev Ballet Russe Ameri grass tour was an early example, and his work in 1932 publicizing autos for General Motors with testimonials from business and academic leading was much elaborate.Press agents did little research aside from monitoring the media in which they sought to place favorable articles about their clients. The prototype practitioner of this model was the American impresario P. T. Barnum. He promoted circuses and other entertainment venues such as the singer Jenny Lind. Publicity continues to be a component of modern-day American PR and is utilise in sports, entertainment and product publicity, although todays practitioners argon less likely to take liberties with the uprightness. In Press Agentry publicity model, public relatio ns expects enhance the reputation of the organization among the take audience, stakeholders, employees, partners, all other associated with it by dint of manipulation. According to this model, hire public relations expects who create a positive image of their brand in the minds of tar soak up audience through arguments and reasoning. They influence their potential customers by exclusively imposing their ideas, thoughts, creative stories of their brand, USPs of the products and so on. Flow of information takes place only from the public relations expects to the target audiences. (One-Way communication)Although J. Grunig and Hunt acknowledged that there had been public-relations-like activities throughout history, they claimed that the press agents of the mid-19th century were the prototypic full- name specialists to practice public relations. These press agents practiced the press agentry/ publicity model of public relations for such heroes as Andrew Jackson, Daniel Boone, Buffal o note Cody, and Calamity Jane. The most prominent of these practitioners was P.T. Barnum, who skillfully promoted his circus performers using the axiom, in that location is a sucker born every minute.Curiosity and scepticism contend a pivotal role in the success of the press agentry model in the 19th Century, as illustrated with Barnums stunt, and to this day it calm down does. Butterick (2009) points out that we only have to look at the inner editorial pages of the tabloid newspapers, the fame magazine publishers or observe when a new movie or CD is launched to see the press agentry model in its purest form. Press agents like scoop Clifford are often seen as overlords of the industry, criminal maintenancefully manipulating the media coverage of their clients, as Butterick notes even the so-called exclusive range of a functions of semi-naked celebrities on a beach in a Sunday newspaper can sometimes be the case of a collusion between the stars publicist and photographer. Nowadays, press agentry model is still very much in use in the 21st Century. It can easily argue that the ethics involved in this model are highly questionable, and the admission from Grunig Hunt that the model has an element of propaganda attached to it does null to distil the negative connotations attached to PR as propaganda (Butterick, 2009). However, despite these criticisms, it is ultimately that the curiosity and skepticism of which ensures the press agentry model is still alive and rise in the modern day. Although the modern day PR practitioner must be more familiar with the truth, the very foundations of the model still embody whether it be to publicize a sporting event, a theatre production, or the scariest film of the decade, as in the recent movie release telepathic Activity (2009). We, the public, will either want to believe what we see, or receive out for ourselves if our skepticism can be proven correct which is wherefore this model still works for practitione rs seeking to gain the illusive media maculation and is therefore relevant for the 21st Century.Press agentry is closely associated with publicity in the entertainment world. Press agentry is the practice of attracting the circumspection of the press through technique that manufactures news. Methods associated with press agentry include staged events, publicity stunts, faux rallies or gatherings, spinning, and stopple. A common practice is the late 1800s and early 1900s, press agentry is not part of mainstream public relations. Rather, it is a practice primarily associated with major entertainment-related events, such as Hollywood premieres and boxing matches. The goal of press agentry is to attract attention preferably than gain understanding. Even today, however, the term press agent is sometimes used interchangeably with publicist in traditional Broadway theater and motion picture industries. Todays entertainment industries are populated with publicists rather than press age nts. Publicists are individuals dexterous in media relations who attempt to get the name of their clients or events in the media by carefully constructing messages that inform, educate, and persuade. Some are astute in stigmatisation and positioning strategies to aid the careers and success of their clients.In contrast, press agents want attention either good or bad in most any form. Press agentry had been called persuasion for short-term advantage through the use of truth bending and even distortion, but it can in any case be simply the staging of provocative acts to get publicity and draw attention to an individual, event, or cause. Therefore, it is understandable that one of the earliest proponents of press agentry was Phineas Taylor (P.T) Barnum, the famed American booster and promoter who put gun Gen. Tom Thumb on discover and launched a mobile circus featuring Jumbo the elephant and freak reads. Barnum was a master of press agentry. For instance, he wrote letters both pra ising and criticizing his circus show to newspaper under an assumed name.In the early part of his career, Edward L. Bernays was also a master of press agentry. He persuaded 10 debutantes to hold up Lucky Strike cigarettes manufactured by his client, the American Tobacco Company, as torches of freedom while participating in New Yorks Easter parade. In 1929, Bernays staged a global news event by organizing the Lights deluxe Jubilee, a worldwide calebration commemorating the 50th anniversary of the electric crystallise bulb for his client, General Electric. Bernays managed to secure several prominent individuals for that event, including carmaker atomic number 1 Ford, electricity scientist Thomas Edison, and President Herbert Hoover.Henry Rogers, one of the founders of Rogers and Cowan, the largest and most booming West Coast entertainment publicity firm, became well known when he promoted an unknown contract player for Columbia Pictures named Rita Hayworth. He contacted heart mag azine with a telegram from the Fashion Couturiers Association of America, a fictitious group, claiming that Hayworth was the best-dressed off-screen actress. Look magazine took the bait and put Hayworth on the cover and published 10 pages of her photographs.Characteristic of Press AgentryPress agentry is ink. A sales-driven approach does whatever it takes to get ikon for clients in the media without resorting to paid advertising. Press agentry is not above truth-bending or lying to reach its pragmatic objective. It will make up facts if it ask to do so. It is persuasion for short-term advantage. Press agentry is a long-standing part of PR, and it system go away. Press agentry has transformed over the decades into ink with ethics, that is getting exposure while maintaining respect for facts, but if all else fails, getting exposure is more important than facts.Press agentry relies on spin. It is interpreting facts to fit ones view and to get media coverage. Christopher Buckleys hil arious novel, Thank You for Smoking lampoons this type of practitioner brilliantly, and post-presidential debate explanation from Democrats and Republicans is a quadrennial example of spinning. Press agentry includes any technique that manufactures news which are publicity stunts, faux surveys, fake committees, constructed events and other tactics practitioners continue to use.Propaganda categorise as one of the characteristic of press agentry model (Grunig Hunt, 1984). The term of propaganda in press agentry model, refer to PR practitioner exaggerate and more hype than facts in order to get publicity for their client. They will not care the public feedback and just want the public behave as they want. This model involves a propaganda function (Grunig Hunt, 1984 pp. 21) and academics such as Butterick (2009), Theaker (2004), and Johnston Zawawi (2004) agree that accuracy and believability are somewhat compromised as the goal of the model is to influence the audience by manufact uring news, be that by way of stunts or explicit publicity seeking. Butterick (2009) states that practitioners who use this model become press agents, utilising a range of PR tools from press releases to publicity stunts which in turn ensures that an audience takes a peculiar(prenominal) course of action.

Comparison between SOAP and REST

comparability amongst slash and restDickriven ChellemboyeeTable of Contents (Jump to)Abstract doorway to Softw ar ArchitectureService-Oriented ArchitectureResource-Oriented ArchitectureWeb attend to slash expectrestfulFeatures gooWS-* peace description LanguageWSDLWADL substance FormatXMLJavaScript mark NotationPros and ConsPros of scoop e rattlingwhere RESTCons of whip over RESTStatisticsReal Life ScenarioConclusionReferencesList of projectsFigure 1 staple fiber sack utilityFigure 2 equation of weathervane serve usage in 2006 and in 2011Figure 3 Web serve up with JSON supportFigure 4 New weather vane function with JSON support onlyFigure 5 Web service with XML supportAbstractThe main aim of this inventory is to describe the devil common bundle architectures just aboutly utilized in distri preciselyed system videlicet Service-Oriented Architecture and Resource-Oriented Architecture.The document provides a high-level descriptions of the two softwargon architec tures and execution of those softwargon architectures in the form of electronic network services. Web services bring home the bacon fundamental interaction between applications. Web services are compared and contrasted. The document describes and compares the differences between two examples of network services namely SOAP-establish net service and REST- ground web services.Introduction to Software ArchitectureService-Oriented ArchitectureService-Oriented Architecture is a judgment aims to improve flexibility by organizing and utilizing nodes of a network 1. SOA enables the realization of employment functionalities by allowing interactions between service providers and service consumers 2. SOA turn application functions into services which back be consume by other applications over a network. A service describes the short letter function, self-contained and catched independently. It is defined by a verb, for example validate user 3. Services are only when a collection of service with independent methods.Resource-Oriented ArchitectureResource- orient architecture is based on the concept of imagery. It involves retrieving particular imagery instance and it has surgerys for resource lifecycle management that is to create, read, update and delete resource. Requests are assureless, mavin pass on has no connection with the next one. Resources are identified by nigh extend and data included within the communicate 4.Web serviceA web service is a node of a network favorable interface to application functionalities that is a perplex of specifications to support practical machine-to-machine interaction 2 5. The protocol and the format that are use for specific services are defined in those specifications.Figure 1 shows a basic web service where communication is through with(p) between two machines with opposite operation systems (Windows and Linux) and built with contrasting program language (Perl and Java).Figure 1 Basic web serviceSOAPSOA P originally Simple Object Access Protocol, is a set of rules for carry-overring organised education by the use of web services. SOAP uses XML based for transferring of information in a distributed compute style. SOAP is independent of transport protocol that is it green goddess use each transport protocol for example HTTP, FTP, TCP, UDP, etc. 6. SOAP has been developed by Microsoft to replace older technologies like CORBA and DCOMSOAP has an RPC architecture, all web service are message-oriented as HTTP itself is message-oriented, SOAP uses a second envelope interior the HTTP one, that contains XML data which is a description of a RPC retrieve similarly as XML-RPC. This is how SOAP is used to call a remote function or what the return value from a function.Soap message contains data, the action to cause, the headers and the computer error details in the case of failure 6. It uses interfaces and named operations to expose the business logic. It makes use of WSDL to describ e the services for thickening to use and UUDI to advertise their earthly concern 6.RESTRepresentational State Transfer is a set of software architectural style for distributed computing system like the World large Web. REST is non a protocol. The REST term originated by Roy field in his doctoral dissertation. Roy Fielding is one of the main author of the HTTP protocol specification. The REST term has quickly come in practise in the network community 7. REST tries to fix the problems with SOAP and provides a actually method of apply web services 8. REST do non require to add another messaging layer to make the transfer to message as oppose to SOAP, REST transfer its message in the HTTP request. It concretes on design rules for making stateless services.Request and response are built by the transfer of agencyal of resources. A resource groundwork be essentially the data (object) that may be addressed 6. backup recognizes allthing as a resource (e.g. User). Each resource has a amount uniform interface, usually an HTTP interface, resources have a name and addresses (URIs). Each resource serves a unique resource since each URL are unique. The different types of operations that depose be performed on the resource are put one acrosse by the different HTTP operations also known as HTTP verbs which are GET, PUT, POST and DELETE. Each resource has one or to a greater extent representation (JSON, XML, CSV, text, etc.) and the resource representations are transferred across the network 6. REST allows the creation of ROA but it can be used for both ROA and SOA 3. reposefulA RESTful web service is the writ of execution of REST principles.HTTP MethodsGET getUser retrieve user informationDELETE deleteUser delete userPUT createUser create userHEAD getInformation get meta informationPOST updateUser modify user informationFeaturesSOAPIndependent of transport protocol (http, ftp, tcp, udp , or named pipes) 6It can perform asynchronous processing and invoc ation (e.g. JAX-WS)It caters for abstruse operations which require con renderingal state and contextual information to be maintained.WS-*SOAP has a different set of XML stickers for its SOAP envelope to provide enhance features to transport its message. These specifications are akin to HTTP headers. Some of these specifications are described belowWS-SecurityEnterprise security features are provided by the WS-Security standards. It supports identity through intermediaries, also provides the effectuation of data law and data privacy 9.WS-ReliableMessagingProvides reliable messaging that is a successful/ rehear process built in and provides reliability through soap intermediaries 6. REST dont have such feature therefore it should deal out with failures by retrying the request.WS-TrustEnables issue, renew and validate security tokens.WS-AtomicTransactionACID transactions over a service, REST is not ACID compliant. 9RESTDoes not enforce message format as XML or JSON or etc.It has a good caching infrastructure which expectantly improve performance when the data is not altered often or is not dynamicSecurity is provided by the transport mechanism (SSL), it does not have dedicated concepts for each, it relies predominantly on HTTPSDescription LanguageWSDLThe Web Service Description Language is used to describe SOAP interface in XML format. A invitee can read the file and know exactly which methods it can call and the signatures of the methods. The lymph gland can discover services automatically and generate useable client proxy from the WSDL. Most SOAP web services would be very cumbersome to use without it. The WSDL is a machine-readable file that is an application can analyse it and knows how to make a service call.When a service method is called, a POST request is made to the endpoint of the SOAP service which is a single URL for all API call and only POST requests can be made. The signature details are found in the WSDL document.WSDL version 2 caters for HTTP verbs and it can be useful for documenting RESTful system but it will still very verbose 6.WADLThe Web Application Description Language is used to describe RESTful web services using XML grammar. A client can load the WADL file and access the functionality of the RESTful web services directly. A WADL is normally less verbose than a WSDL 6. However since RESTful web services have simpler interfaces, the WADL is not requisite as opposed to WSDL is to SOAP-based web services.Message FormatXMLA client requires an XML parser in order to get the information from the XML document. The parsing of XML has to go through different stages (character conversion, lexical analysis and syntactic analysis) before machine can hear it. The parsing of XML document can take a lot of beat since XML is a very verbose document and as the XML document gets longer ofttimes more time is taken to parse it.By replacing XML document with a remote call, there will be a great performance improvement if b oth sides of the application uses the same binary logic 10.JavaScript Object NotationXML is mainly used by most web services for request and response messages but a exploitation quash of web services are using simple data structures (such as numbers, array) serialized as JSON-formatted strings. JSON is expected to be used by a JavaScript call it is much easier to get a JavaScript data structure from JSON than from XML document. Web browsers dont have a standard JavaScript interface for XML parser as every browser has a different interface for treating XML document. JSON is normally just a string with some constraints with JavaScript so we can say that JSON string is interoperable on all web browsers. JSON is not attached to JavaScript but an alternate data serialisation to XML. JSON is a simple language-independent method of formatting complex data structures (e.g. array, object, etc.) as string. 11Pros and ConsPros of SOAP over RESTSome programming languages provides some cutoff s, reducing the effort needed to build a request and parse the response. For example with .NET technology, the XML is invisible in the user codes 8.SOAP has more mature in like mannerl support as compare to REST, but this is belike to change in the future 12.No native support for SOAP in mobile, even though there are third-party libraries to bring SOAP support, out of the box SOAP support is not available. 13SOAP has a lot of rules thus make it restrictive as compared to REST in the implementationCons of SOAP over RESTIt is much simpler to implement REST as compared to SOAPThe learning curve for REST is smaller than SOAPThe difficulty lies greatly in the chosen programming language to develop it since some IDE automate the process of generate or referencing the WSDLHas support for error handling and the error reporting provides a standard error codes which can be very useful to handle the request and response in the application consuming it.SOAP is sometimes considered to be slowe r than legacy system such as CORBA or ICE because of being too verbose 14While some programming language provides some shortcut to SOAP services, it can be very cumbersome in some others such as JavaScript since an XML structure needs to be created each time a request should be made.Distributed environss is best suited for SOAP whereas REST assumes an end-to-end communicationHas strict set of rules for every stage of implementation while REST provides a concept and less restrictive with the implementationUses strongly type messages, which is a problem for loosely coupled systems. If type signature of an operation is changed, all the clients that was using it will failed 15.REST is bendable for data representation, it is easier to understand as they add an element of using order URIs and give importance to HTTP verb used. They are light as they dont need extra XML mark-up 6. SOAP uses XML structure which make it slow as compareStatisticsA comparison of web services protocol, sty les in 2006 and in 2011 from more than 2000 web services are shown below. It clearly demonstrate that most developers have moved from SOAP to REST. The interest in REST is growing very rapidly whose those in SOAP is declining 16.Figure 2 analogy of web services usage in 2006 and in 2011 Figure 3 Web service with JSON support Figure 4 New web service with JSON support only Figure 5 Web service with XML supportReal Life ScenarioAmazon has SOAP and REST based web services and around 85% of their usage is from the REST-based web service 17. Although all the beautiful name with SOAP, it is an evidence that developers like the simpler one, that is the REST one 18.Google has deprecated its SOAP services in favour of a RESTful, resource oriented service 11Nelson Minar, used SOAP-based web service to design Google API for Google search and AdWord, he stated to be wrong for choosing SOAP 15.ConclusionSOAP is more useful for complex web service or when there is vituperative data involve such as banking transaction where retrying the same request can be very critical. If one need a web service up-and-running quickly, it is better to start with REST rather than SOAP. REST is a good option for web service which are meant to be simple, lightweight and fast. However after using one of the web service, it can be almost impossible to change it to the other one. It would be cheaper to re-build the web service.When making your decision on which type of web service to use, the decision should be which one best meets the requirements with the chosen programming language and in which environment it will be used.Even though SOAP is meant to be bendable to change, add new features, expanding it. It is not the case in practise by the use of strongly-type as it can make existing client to cede working just by changing the type of method signature.References1

Role of the Change Agent in Organisational Development

Role of the transport Agent in Organisational DevelopmentThis make-up had been come togetherd in order to interpret the importance of the plaque suppuration and how achieving the organisational festering do is liberation to affect the welf be of the brass section. The theme identifies the important methodologies and theories that be concerning with the way the changing appendage are going to be accomplishd. Through the paper, there would be a identifying to the role of the interpolate instrument and the main characteristics that should be avail fit at this person. The paper lead withal highlight the main dilemmas and the opportunities that are going to face the organisational reading operator through the changing edge, and how the federal gene should get unfreeze of the barriers and how the gene are going to seize those opportunities.IntroductionThe changing constitution of the market had influenced the ways that many a(prenominal) copers used to think. Many organizations now look to to cop with the throw that occurs in the market beam and in the charge methodologies. This changing disposition had derived the companies to lean to changing their old theories and to maintain risingfound ways to run their businesses, and their institutions in many ways. However, the kinds in the market nature are considered to be challenges for the companies and the cares, it as well can provide them with new opportunities. Thats why it is important for the farers and the businesses owners to be continuously aware with the newest methodologies and theories that help them cover their institutions more efficiently and effectively.Literature re emplacementWhat is the organisational emergence? forwards interpreting the organizational growing recently issues, there would be a discussion about the nature of the organizational development process and how this process started. The organizational development is a process that includes developi ng both of the organizational internal capacity in order to achieve effectiveness, to ensure its sustain aptitude. sometimes companies seek achieving the organizational development processes for maintaining trusted missions, goals, or to cop with the development of the bon tons competitors. (Thomas G. Cummings, Chris summit meetingher G. Worley)The organizational development is based on the idea of changing the flowing state of the company. This veer could be through restructuring, or re-engineering the internal complex body part of the company. Also, sometimes the company seeks changing the operations processes at the company. Those characteristics of organizational development process led Adam smith to come with a broader definition, stating that the organizational development is considered to be the processes that the organization are achieving, through the usage of the behavioural recognition approach, system improvement, supplying, and self-analysis, in order to reach th e highest rate of effectiveness. (Smith 1998)How to experience the look at for switch over? The organizational circumspection should develop an disposition of the need for reassign and get to awareness and legitimacy, by seeking out and understanding both of the orthogonal information and the internal data, making sense of the perspectives of another(prenominal)(a) stakeholders, and evaluating the organizational focus concerns and perspectives. After maintaining those activities, the organizations should identify whether the organization is ready for assortment or not. This issue will be answered through reviewing the previous variety experiences, identifying the organizational degree of openness to lurch, measure the executives support, and whether there are just and satisfying rewards for switch or not. When the organizational charge successfully realizes that the organization is requiring change over and is ready for maintain an organizational change process, th e organizational get awayment should assign the broker, who is going to develop the organizational development process. (Thomas G. Cummings, Christopher G. Worley)Who is the organizational development mover? The organizational change constituent, who likewise called the organizational development practitioner, is the one, who suffices the process of change in the organization. The agent should have some characteristics that would enhance his ability to achieve the process effectively. One of the main characteristics are his wide companionship about the behavior of the people within the organization, this knowledge can be gained through his interaction with the employees personally, or by his observation to their behaviors. It is prefer that the agent has an academic study in sciences that study the human behavior deal psychology, sociology, and human resources management. The organizations have the freedom to hire the change agent from extracurricular the company in order t o change the companys system, or to develop the feat of the companys operations. In this case the change agent is called to be an OD adviser. (Thomas G. Cummings, Christopher G. Worley) rough organizations prefer to choose one of the inside employees to be responsible for the change process, as he will always has wider knowledge about the companys employees and also because the inside agent will be more caring for the please of the company. The inside agent usually are chosen from the top management, as to be aware of all of the companys operations, values, and objectives. On the other hand the external agent will has some advantages over the insider, as the external consultant will hold different perspectives, views, and different experiences that the external agent had gained from dealing with other companies. Those advantages will give the company the opportunity to be able to get rid of the restrictions and constrains of the old regime. (Thomas G. Cummings, Christopher G. W orley)What are the OD agents activities? The change agent or the OD agent, with the help of the top management of the company, should perform certain activities that lead an effective change management. One of the main activities of the change agent is motivating for the change, which can be concluded through creating curing for change and by overcoming resistance to change. Also the change agent has the responsibility to create the organizational vision, through describing the core ideologies and creating the envisioned future. However the change agent plays an important role in the change process, the top management should also develop a political support for the change process, through assessing the change agent power, identifying the key stakeholders, and influencing the stakeholders. It is also essential that the top management manage the transition process, by planning for activities and commitment, and by structuring the change management. One sustain role that should be pl ayed by the management is to sustain the momentum, by providing resources for change, build support system for change agents, and develop new competences and skills. Finally, Change requires time and many of the expected financial and organizational benefits from change toss behind its implementation. If the organization changed again too quickly or abandons the change before it is fully implemented, the desired results may never materialize. By reason those activities, the company will ensure that the change agent is going to perform the organizational development process effectively and efficiently. (Dennis Stevenson)What are the organizational development theories? This is considered to be the most fundamental question in the study of the organizational development. The methods that the organizational development agent is going to use are considering whether the agent will succeed in what achieving the change process effectively or not. in that location had been many methods t hat had been used by many agents and many organizations, further there are three main theories or methods that are considered to be the most successful ones for planned change. Those theories are the Lewins change amaze, the action interrogation stupefy, and the compulsive present. (Alicia Kritsonis)First, according to Lewins change model, there are two event roots, who hold two different attitudes about the change process. The first group is accepting the status quo and wish that nothing would change. This group of stakeholders restricts change and concern employees away form change. On the other hand, the other group is genuinely pushing for achieving the change process. This group is facilitating change and pushes the employees toward the change process. (Alicia Kritsonis)The German Kurt Lewin, who was considered to be the founder of social psychology, stated that the change process could be illustrated by a model, which is consisting of three main touchstones. The fir st step is to unfreeze the vivacious situation to overcome the strains of individual resistance and group conformity. This unfreezing action takes place through increasing the driving forces that direct behavior away from the exist status quo, decreasing the restraining forces that nixly the movements from the existing equilibrium, or find a combination of the both. The second step of Lewins model is the movement process of the brand system to a new level of equilibrium. This step can be achieved through persuading employees to agree that the status quo is not beneficial to them and encouraging them to view the problem from a fresh perspective, working together on a quest for new and relevant information, and connecting the news of the group to well. Finally, the last step of the model indicates the refreezing process, at which the change had been implemented by the change agent in to sustain overtime the change over time, not to cease the employees to return to their old state . The unfreezing step can be achieved through reinforcing new patterns and institutionalize them through formal and informal mechanisms including policies and procedures. (Alicia Kritsonis)Second, according to the action enquiry model, which had been introduced by Lippitt, Watson, and Westley in 1958, there are eight main move to conclude change in the organization. Those steps are sequenced as followed. The organizational management should identify the main problem of the old regime, and then the management should ask for the help of a consultant with a behavioral science expert. The change agent should gather data and maintain diagnosis for the data that had been gathered from internal and external resources. After maintaining the diagnosis the agent should conclude processes of feedback to the organization, jointing diagnosing of the problem, jointing the action planning, and then the actions should be concluded. However the action of change had been concluded the data should be gathered after maintaining the action in order to evaluate the progress of change and to ensure that the change had been achieved successfully. (Kritsonis, A)Third, the positive model of change, which is also called the appreciative inquiry, had been established by David Cooperrider, who used the model to enhance a positively- instructioned perspective and an opportunity-oriented intervention. The proponents of the positive change model false that the organizational development models are considered to be too negative, as they focus only on the problems, neglecting the opportunities and its importance appreciative inquiry is considered to be direction more in the humanistic matters, rather than being pragmatic and realistic. It is also considered to be more participatory rather than being often top down driven. Appreciative inquiry had emerged over the past several decades as alternatives to the other models of the change to the shortly examined reasons. (Boyd Bright, 2007) (Coop errider, Whitney, Stavros, 2008) (Egan Lancaster, 2005)The positive model of change involves atomic number 23 main var.s. The first fix upcoach is to initiate the inquiry, through emphasizing the affaire of the members of the organization in order to identify the organizational issue. The second phase is to gathering the information that determines the best of what is in the organization. Then the third phase encourage the change agent should discover the themes and examines the stories for identifying the set of themes that represent the plebeian dimensions of peoples experiences. The forth phase will include the humankind of the preferred future by identifying the best theme, challenging the status quo, and draw a call for future. The last phase will enhance designing and delivering several ways to create the future, through activities and plans that are necessary to achieve the vision. (Herb Stevenson)There some differences between the three models. For instance, Lewi ns model differs from the other models as it focuses on the usual process of planned change rather than the organizational development activities. Also, the Lewins model agrees with the action research model, in terms of level of the participants involvement and the high degree of centre on change. They also are more concerned with what the organization does wrong, rather than what are the main opportunities that the company has. (Herb Stevenson)What is the general model of planned change? There is a general model of planned change. The model had been introduced by Cummings and Worley at 1993. This model consists of four main steps, which are taking place in a forward sequence. Those steps are debut and contacting, diagnosing, planning implementing process and the evaluating institutionalizing process. First, the entering and contracting stage, it involve making the top management of the organziation decide whether the organization need a planned change program or not. The mana gement should define some resources to this change process. The managemnt should determine the consultant, who is going to runn the change process, and to understandably illustrate the organizational issue into presenting the problem and symptoms. (Miriam Y. Lacey)Second, the process of diagnosing that includes focusing on the understanding of the organizational problem, and the identification of the organizational positive and negative attitudes. Through the diagnosing stage, the management should choose a suitable model to understand the organization as a whole. The best model that many of the organization seek to use is the open system model, which is suggesting that the organization is run within both internal and external enviroment. This open system gathers unique(predicate) inputs from the enviroment and transforms those inputs into outputs through social and technological procedures. Then the output of the transformation process is considered to be returning to the envirom ent and can be used as feedback to the organizational evaluation. (Miriam Y. Lacey)The third stage of the general planned change model is the planning and the implementing process. This stage enhances the organizations members and the chanage agent to align together to plan and implement the orgaznaitional interventions that is required to achieve the change. The interventions design can be implemented through creating the organizational visions and goals, and through making action plans to implement them depending on the organization readiness for change, current change capablilites, culture power distributions, change agents skills and abilities. There are four types of interventions that could be emplemented. The interventions could be human process interventions (process consultation and team building), techno-structural interventions (downsizing), human resources management interventions (performance appraisal), or strategic interventions (transformational change, transorganiz ational change, continuous change). The forth stage would be the evaluating and the institutionalizing process. This stage involoves evaluating the effects of the interventions and managing the institutionlization of successful changes programs. (Miriam Y. Lacey)How to evaluate the effectiveness of the change? This could be the most critical question that the top management should ask. The mental hospital should maintain a full evaluation to the results of the change. The main goal of the change management is to close the gap between the planned outcomes and the actual outcomes of change.There are differences in the evaluation process, this differences occur according to whether the change occurred by an internal or external agent. The external consultant rely on repeat business and customer, while the internal agent would prefer relying on repeat business, pay rise and promotion, considering them the main key measures of success. Also, the external consultant focuses on the long-t erm results, while the internal agent has a brusque recognition for a job well. (Miriam Y. Lacey)SummaryThe organization should focus on many issues to be able to survive in todays changing environments. The main issues are the continuously checking for the problems and the new changes inside their company and outside, in the other companies and the markets. This continuous monitoring leads to successfully recognition for the need for change. The organization management should also carefully choose the most successful and knowledgeable agent who is enriched with the highest experience and skills. The successful choice of the internal or external agent will ensure the success of the change process. Also change agent, should manage the change process through the main issues and problems of the organization through a way that will be compatible with the organizational goals. However, the organization could manage the change process successfully the results may not be as same as planne d, because of the continuously changing nature of the environment. Thats why the company should develop an open system model that facilitates the continuous change process.

Jet Airlines Analysis Of Information System Business Essay

kibibyte Airlines Analysis Of Information System Business Essay focal point Information SystemManagement Information Systems (MIS) raises cultivation to managers and dish them in decision-making found on infobases. Data analysis plays vital role in determining which resources to use in put in to carry through the mission of an organization. The cognition base is developing an increasingly global grocery store and economy.The basic counsel info schema measures inputs and/or outputs, every last(predicate)owing managers to analyse the family relationshipbetween them and depict decisions based on the outcomes they desire.Day to day example fucking be a travelometer, a speed-measuring clayTypes of Management Information Systems.The contrastive types of MIS can be sort into the followingTransaction-Processing SystemsWith the advent of mainframe computers, Transaction-processing musical arrangements were stored in the 1960s. They are designed for the banks to bobby p in a huge volume of routine, recurring transactions. They record deposits and payments into the accounts, record sales and track inventory..Operations Information SystemsAfter transaction-processing frames, operations Information Systems came into existence. It gathers information, organises and summarises it in a useful form. It access data from TPS and moulds it into fitted form. One can obtain sales report or inventory etc from this.Decision support Systems (DSS)DSS is an interactivecomputer system. It hasthree fundamental componentsdatabase management system (DBMS), model-based management system (MBMS) and dialog generation and management system (DGMS) which can be employ for decision making.Expert Systems and Artificial IntelligenceESAI use homosexual knowl rim encapsulated in a computer to solve various problems that usually requires human expertise. Computer recognizes, formulates and then solves a problem. It to a fault explains the solution and learns from its watch as well.Introduction to chiliad Airways greens Airwaysis a slip awaying Indian air ductwith its head quarter inMumbai,Maharashtra. It is the second largest air lane in Indiaand the market leader in the domestic sector. It offers over 400 flights daily to 67 destinations worldwide.Main domestic hubsMumbaiandDelhi.International hubs BrusselsAirport,Belgium.It is owned by theLondon-based transmission lineman, Mr.NareshGoyal. scene gush Airways emerged with its first flight in 1993. It is one of the sudden scattering air passages in the world, and in future will become the close to favorred air duct making your journey enjoyable. reverse lightning Airways offers flights to 24 international destinations and 43 destinations in India.OVERVIEWJet Airways was in mergedd as an air attend operator on 1 April 1992. It commenced Indian commercial respiratory tract operations on 5 May 1993. On 4th January 1995, Jet Airways was granted a plan airline status.The company is registered on theBombay Stock Exchange. Although,a major portion (80% of its stock) is controlled by Naresh Goyal.It has over 10,017 employees (March 2007).Jet Airways currently operates a pass along of 90 aircraft. With an average fleet age of 4.99 years, the airline has one of the youngest aircraft fleets in the world. Flights to 65 destinations span the length and breadth of India and beyond.CORPORATE VISIONJet Airways will become the most preferred domestic airline in India.Jet Airways will achieve this majuscule position by offering a high quality of service and reliable, comfortable and efficient operations.Jet Airways will uplift the concept of domestic airline travel -to be a world class airline.It will achieve this objective even while ensuring consistent profitability, achieving long-term returns for its investors and providing its employees with an environment for excellency and emergence.Information Systems in AirlinesAirlines exist to connect people to distant locations preci se efficiently and safely while making profit for the share switchers. . There has to be a trade-off between the three aspects.Thus, the designing of information system is very essential and its management helps them reach the organizations purpose.Key indicators in management are required to guide the working of the process and making changes in resource allocation. A management information system regularly provides information about the efficient working and function of the organization.The ultimate bring of the airline industry is to make the passengers journey comfortable and convenient. The polar procedures in the aerodrome and airplane should be simplified and highest degree of nodes satisfaction wee to well-kept in order to succeed in todays competitive world.The Current ScenarioThe airline industry is constantly evolving and incorporating the latest innovations and technologies all with a common aim to make the journey of the passengers more and more comfortable and con venient.All the different procedures that the passenger goes through in the drome and airplane agree to be simplified and highest quality of satisfaction for nodes have to maintained by airlines in order to succeed in todays competitive scenario.Flying is now-a-days one of the fastest and easiest way to cover large distances. It saves a lot of travelling clock compared to other means of transport. For employees this is a huge bonus as contrast can be carried out at a faster speed as they can reach their destinations in a matter of hours . The 4 basic factors that the airline industry has to carefully tackle are as followsEfficiencySpeedSafetyComfortEvery year more and more people are resorting to airlines as a mode of transportation and hence constant innovation and establishing a unique relationship with the passengers is the inquire of the hour. Hence , the importance of the technology of integrated systems has become clearer and unavoidable in the airlines for the future a s well.Improving Air Transport Information SystemsIt has been seen that legion(predicate) vendor companies are doing constant research and development in the technologies which have a salad days aim to make die client satisfaction and provide better serve to the client. Huge investments are similarly being make in this area which has a lot of scope of improvement.Example of such service can be self- checking kiosks, in-flight entertainment and connectivity, check-in via mobile phones, airport and baggage management serve.Currently what can be seen as the prime objective of the airlines is Optimizing revenues while maximizing customer relationships.Management Information system in Jet AirlinesVENDOR IBMJet Airways, ,one of Indias premier international airline, and IBM (NYSE IBM) have announced that the companies have signed a strategic business shift for ten years and information technology (IT) services agreement. Valued at 62 million US dollars, the agreement is a major d ance step towards Jet Airways journey of technology led business transformation, which will help the airline to achieve significant growth by implementing the companys IT with business strategies.Jet Airways aims to use IBMs domain knowledge of the global airline industry and its leadership in technology to play off the groups business transformation objectives. As spot of the deal, IBM will provide with the latest technological solutions to transform the airlines various business areas such as airport operations, direct distribution and frequent greenback programs. This engagement will help Jet Airways to improve and integrate its IT systems to feature a highly differentiated customer service and to improve the aptitude of its various operations.Constant innovation to stay ahead of industry growth has been Jet Airways operating philosophy since it started its operations in 1993, said Nikos Kardassis, foreman Executive Officer, Jet Airways (India) Ltd. We are delighted to par tner with IBM, the worlds leading IT services company, and see this as an exciting opportunity to use IBMs technology to lead business transformation in the Indian aviation sector and sum up growth. This association will enable us to focus on our perfume business and improve our operational efficiencies, besides delivering a seamless customer experience. India, as a country, will take a leading edge position in delivering innovative ideas and solutions in the Global Aviation terrain, remarked Mr. Kardassis.IBM has provided Jet Airways with cutting edge IT Infrastructure and application to support services including employee transition, data centre operations, helpdesk support and storage operations, internet security services, mesh topology management, SAP and various other operating systems.Commenting on the developing relationship with Jet Airways, Ashish Kumar, General Manager, Global Technology Services, IBM India/South Asia, said, This strategic services deal with Jet Airway s will begin a a revolutionary era in the Indian aviation industry. It will enable the airline to provide and intensify its business value and gain competitive improvement through innovative use of technology. IBM will bring its global experience and expertise in this industry to deliver services and solutions to help Jet Airways achieve its mission to innovate and lead as it continues to grow and expand internationally.The contract was signed in June 2010. node Relationship ManagementCRM stands for Customer Relationship Management. It is methodology used to learn more about customers need in order to develop stronger relationships with them. CRM has always been a matter of capital concern for airlines aspiring to improve relationships with the customers.Airlines that can effectively target, attract, serve and hold the best customers will definitely experience significant benefits. The better the stick the airline holds with these customers, the more opportunities will be open for selling circumscribed products and services.However, as the e-business is evolving, the hurdles of establishing customer relationships have become even greater. Airlines mustiness be completely responsible for a customers satisfaction whilst the want it, acquire it and use it experience.Advantage of CRM In Sales and marketCRM defines trade processes and pay customer requirements using functionality to improve management of resources, segments and lists, campaigns, trade promotions, and marketing analytics. It also enables management of accounts, product configuration, opportunities, quotations, orders, contacts, activities pricing, billing, and contracts.Make smart business decisions with improved customer relations.Speedy access to databases so faster marketing.better visibility of your total marketing processIncrease returns on investments.Grow paid relationships view as focus on productive activityEliminate barriers to productivityImprove sales efficiency ServiceTra nsform service into a profitable line of businessIncrease customer loyaltyReduce be of customer service and field serviceCRM in Jet AirwaysThe mental image 5 shows a few special offering from Jet AirlinesThe special offerings from it are as followsIt offers free tickets finical rates for StudentsSpecial Fares for corporate dealsJetlite SurprisesThe other Customer Relationship Management activities also include quick Rewards program for all passengers that make all their reservations online.Incentives include lower rates, stockpile boarding passes, and in-flight bonuses like free snacks drinks.Business Rapid Rewards for Business travelers.Special Benefits and services for SeniorVendor For Jet Airways CRM EPSILONThe emerging digital marketing company Epsilons email solution will now provide customer and trade communication services to Jet Airways in order to improve their relationship with customers. Jet Airways known for its in-flight services is striving hard to enhance its cust omer relationship management and loyalty management. .Various surveys were conducted and was found that customers prefer email as the channel for communication. Thus, in order to be fore it selected Epsilons email marketing services. Epsilon is a pioneer in email sevices and provides make view of all the customers .Such an overview allows the airways to design solutions for targeted customers which also increase its spot equity and nurtures great profits with loyalty.To provide a world-class customer experience, we chose Epsilon for their best-of-class email marketing solutions that enable us to stay close to our customers throughout the relationship lifecycle and ensure that we are providing the most relevant information, optimised in a timely fashion as and when they want it, said Rahul Kucheria, GM, Relationship Marketing with Jet Airways.Epsilons email platform speeds up the email delivery. Ithas an intense track and report forming features as well as optimisation tools that enable Jet Airways to enjoy the benefits of relevancy in communicating with the customers.It also allows Jet Airways to reminder and track the position and status of specific email communication all the way from booking to enquiry transaction. This allows the airline to improve its profile and transaction behaviour data to ultimately achieve one-to-one relationship with its customers.Jet Airways currently publishes a monthly email newsletter to Jet countenance members, all the travel agency partners and corporate clients. The company is planning to introduce transactional e-mailing through the Epsilon platform, such as registration confirmation, welcome messages and purchase confirmations. shuttingIn general, the airlines have to ensure that they strike a proper residuum between the customer services and operating costs. In the aviation industry, the competitor is ever increasing as more players enter each year. efficient management of information systems can definitely help i n attaining these goals and also assist to incorporate the innovative solutions as well.In order to meet to meet these challenges, lot of companies and firm are working on different software and solutions with a common objective in mind to make travel both easy and convenientIt is important to choose the suitable information that will help managers observe their situation clearly. When airlines observed management information systems that included loss in the revenue due to non selling empty seats or rooms, they managed ways to get more or less value from latecomers at deep discounts.A good information system in practice can ensure that the operation is able to fade efficiently with clear focus on customers. By incorporating better and better technology systems, we can reach out to demands of more customers and also assure vital features like security, avoiding delays, reducing the cost of travel. The scope of improvement is nigh endless and the companies will have to keep on evolving in order to survive in the future as well.

Interpretation of Robert Brownings My Last Duchess :: essays research papers

I read a critical article on Robert Brownings My Last Duchess. I confess it was harder to suffer something in the NCLCs than I wouldve thought. There was a considerable accruement of critiques on Brownings work, further very little on My Last Duchess.The article I name concentrated mostly on the Duke in the poem, and our reactions to him, stating that the utter outrageousness of the Dukes behavior makes condemnation the least interesting response The title of the article was Sympathy versus Judgment. more or less of its points are that the Duke controls the entire poem, that it being a monologue was significant, and that he is most easy to sympathize with and like. The article discusses Ferarras nature and his self-involvement which solelyows the goodness of the Duchess to luster with the Dukes utterance.It goes on to speak about sympathy in general and how Browning delighted in making a campaign for the apparently nefarious position, how he found dramatic monologues the outdo form to do so, and how he went about it.It keeps going for a pair more pages on things which I will not go into because they score little relevance to any interpretation of My Last Duchess. The article as it pertained to my poem was fine I wish I could have found one which went into more depth as opposed to just discussing immoral characters and our empathy for them. I didnt particularly care for the lawyerly torrent of words that were used, either. I am not ignorant and appreciate the need for words of long-term than two syllables when discussing literature (or anything more serious than an episode of Friends, in fact), but I found it more difficult than usual to get through this article. I found it unconscionably wordy and it felt at times as though he was just stringing fancy words together because they looked all important lined up. However, thats just my opinion.I was gratified to serve that this critic agreed with my interpretation of the Duchesss demise, viz., the Duke had her murdered. The theory advanced by my brilliant and magnificent Professor had been that the Duke gave her so many orders and restrictions that she pined away. I had been flavour at his famous line And I choose/never to stoop. He married her for her beauty but would never lower himself to tell her when she arouse him.

Computers, Hackers, And Phreaks :: essays research papers

The Internet is a wondrous place. Practically anything you could ever want is visible(prenominal) on the win. Its like a big city, it has the highly prestigious argonas, and thesex-ridden slums (Mitchell). It has the hearty citizens, and it has the criminals.On the mesh, crime is more abundant than in a colossal city, though, mainly because ofthe difficulties in tracking and prosecuting offenders. Even from its beginnings, theInternet has always been a battlefield between phreaks and administrators.The Internet hasnt always been a public forum. In particular, the Internet hasbeen around for years. The Internet is just a new rage (Larson). The Internetoriginally began as DARPANET, a government-created network, which wasdesigned for defense communications. The Net structure is such that it couldsurvive a nuclear war (Mitchell). The origination of the Net can not be blamed for theexistence of hackers though, hackers are older than the Net itself, but the Net is thelargest hacker nourishn today (Spencer). The growth of the Net since its creationhas been nothing less than astounding. In the 25-plus years since its creation, theNet straight off has over thirty million users using four million sites military personnel wide.Estimates rate the growth of the Net anywhere from ten to fifteen pct permonth (Spencer). The Internet was first released to major universities in the linked States of America. Since then, the universities create offered contacts tosmall business, service providers, and even to the individual user. Sometimes theseconnections cost a fortune, and sometimes they can be obtained for free (Larson).Although some of the original universities have dropped off the Net for variousreasons, every major university in the United States, and now, most others in theworld, have a connection to the Internet (Quittner).Although it isnt golden for an individual to get a direct connection to the Net,many clannish institutions are getting direct access. Th is is mainly due to the factthat in order to support the very high speed of the Net, a agile computer is neededand a fast connection. A fast computer can cost in the thousands of dollars, atleast, and a quick connection can cost hundreds dollars or more. Individuals canstill get on the Net through these private institutions. The private institutionspoon-feeds the Net to the drawn-out computers over their delayed connection lines(Jones). The Internet began very high-class, due to the fact that only superintelligent college students and professors could access it. The discussions tendedto stay intellectual, with very little, if any, solicitude (Larson).

Characterization in The Sailor Who Fell From Grace with the Sea and Won

Characterization in The sailor Who Fell From Grace with the Sea and Wonderful Fool The literary proficiency of characterization is often expenditured to create and delineate a adult male character in a work of literature. When forming a character, writers can use many different methods of characterization. However, there is one method of characterization that speaks volumes nearly the character and requires no more than a single word - the characters individualized call up. In many cases, a personal name describes the character by associating him with a certain type of people or with a rise known historical figure. Therefore, since the reader learns the characters name first, a personal name is a primary method of characterization it creates an image in the readers headspring that corresponds with the name of the character. Once this image has been created, all subsequent actions and beliefs of the character are somehow in accordance with this image otherwise, the character does not face logical and the reader is not be able to relate to the work. In the impertinents The Sailor Who Fell From Grace with the Sea, by Yukio Mishima, and Wonderful Fool, by Shusako Endo, for each one author gives one of his characters a personal name that guides the characters actions and beliefs. Noboru, the name appoint to a 13 year old child in Mishimas novel The Sailor Who Fell From Grace with the Sea means little male child in Japanese (Honda). By naming this major character Noboru, Mishima has characterized him as nothing more than a little boy. Consequently, Noborus actions and beliefs are typical of the actions and beliefs of a small child. Noborus actions are the first to show the effects of his name. When Noboru discovers a peephol... ... be translated from Japanese to English. Due to cultural barriers, those who read the translated versions of the novels fail to see the immenseness of names like Noboru and Tomoe, and the impact t hat these names have on the breathe of the work. Consequently, some of the literary value of the novels is lost in the translation. By utilize personal names as primary sources of characterization, Endo and Mishima offer a conclude suggestion that, whenever possible, it is best to read works of literature in the spoken communication in which they were originally written. WORKS CITED Endo, Shusako. Wonderful Fool. Trans. Francis Mathy. Chester Springs Peter Owen Publishers, 1995. Honda, Yoriko. Telephone Interview. 23 January 1997. Mishima, Yukio. The Sailor Who Fell from Grace with the Sea. Trans. John Nathan. New York Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1965.

Animal Farm, by George Orwell Essay examples -- Animal Farm Essays

The English language is one of the most tortuous languages known to man. Words, sentences, and ideas can be built and misconstrued because of the languages depth. In the novel Animal advance, the head pigs in charge, pile, twists voice communication in company to gain control and power over the entire farm. The Manor Farm transforms from the totalitarian rule of Mr. Jones, a mean farmer who feeds his animals meager portions, to Napoleon, a pig that will have you liquidated for a bottle of liquor. Language is utilize as a means of social control because of its irony, it changes, and its unclear by some.Irony is the first reason that language may be used as a form of social control. Many words have double meanings, for example break, spread, dress, match, etc. For this reason, various meanings and definitions can be derived and used as a person pleases. In Animal Farm, when completely the animals were first rebelling, Snowball said, The only good human being is a dead one. Huma n being can be interchanged with numerous words, which is what Napoleon did in order to control the animals with an iron fist. ...

True Meaning of Christmas in The Gift of the Magi by O. Henry :: essays research papers

The Gift of the Magi by O. Henry is a mulct invention that has an interesting composing. The main nationals in this short story atomic number 18 that people do not need money to express love, and the align meaning of Christmas. Things such as the characters, setting, and events contribute to the theme. The characters Della and Jim have very slight money, and yet they express their love by each copeing their great treasures. Della sells her hair and Jim sells his watch. If they were both wealthy people, the story would have most apparent have changed for the worse. Since these people make very little money, their gifts come more(prenominal) from the heart and show how much they care about each other. Having the story set in a big city impacted the theme of the story. Life is more stressful in the city, especially for those who are little fortunate. The difference of the setting being in the city rather than a small town, is that the cities often have many people who cannot abide pricey presents. The city has people just like Della and Jim who can only afford to have presents from the heart. The events have a large role in the theme of people expressing their love without money. Della sells her hair to buy a watch filament for Jim. Jim sells his watch to buy an set of combs for Della. In the decease they each end up not being able to use the gifts but run into how much affection they each have. O. Henry describes the scene where Della is preparing to go sell her hair very vividly. So now Dellas beautiful hair furious about her rippling and shining like a cascade of brownness waters...Once she faltered for a minute and stood still while a tear or two splashed on the worn red carpet.

Fiction and Untruth in Amadeus by Peter Shaffer Essay -- Amadeus Peter

Fiction and falsification in Amadeus by Peter ShafferThe play Amadeus by Peter Shaffer was non written in club to be a biography of the majuscule composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, much more than this, Peter Shaffer wrote it as a story, rather than a history. In his story he was free to insert fiction to absorb the play more interesting to a wide audience, as intimately as to fulfill his purposes. However, musicologists and historians moderate written several articles claiming that Peter Shaffer trashed this divinity. What none of them can see is that in Amadeus there argon situations that are plausible while others are fictional ornament. In this base I will make an attempt to point what is fiction or untruth. The center of the play lies on the character of Antonio Salieri and his obsessive jealously of Mozart. To flummox this plot, it was necessary that Salieri had motives enough dislike Mozart. So it was necessary to build a character that was extremely competent n otwithstanding with no talent at all to contrast with a genius who behaved badly. With this, Salieri would have reasons to be jealous. As his first attempt to convey his plot, Salieri is shown as a musical strumpet as we can see in this extract Bewildered, MOZART does so (halts and listens), seemly aware of SALIERI playing his March of Welcome. It is an extremely banal piece, vaguely but only vaguely - reminiscent of another march to become precise famous later one. The truth is that Salieri was recognized as a not bad(p) composer and that is the reason he was appointed as the court composer and imperial Kappelmeister. He had several students, including Beethoven, Liszt and Schubert. His operas were performed and acclaimed in Italy and France during 1778 to 1790. Unfortunately, his style lost worth and his works were no longer popular at the end of the XVIII century. However, showing Salieri as only a competent musician was intentional in order to convey the plot, which is the rivalry against Mozarts artistic creativity and Salieris noetic capacity. Salieri held his posts in the court from 1774 until 1824. He died one year later in 1825 and in his last years he suffered from senility. During 1824 there was indeed the gossip in Vienna that someone had heard Salieri saying that he had poisoned Mozart. However, many biographies of Mozart dont even mention the probability of poisoning and in 182... ...d, at least in the expositional first act. It has been made so by choice by crowding together into an hours time instances of Wolfgangs most unattractive behavior, so as to provide ever-increasing fuel for Salieris equally mounting sense of outrage. This is dramatically essential, because at the end of the act, Salieri has to magnify in a furious, pain-racked, violently aggrieved address to his God, upbraiding him for choosing a patently unworthy man to be his divine instrument.But what is documented is that Mozart was extremely irritable. A sort of child. All his sentiments had more violence than depths. 1804. So Mozart personality was exaggerated in order to convey the plot. Being like this, we would turn a minimal reason for Salieri being jealous. It was intentional to make Mozart as a silly person so that Salieris rage would have a motif. With these discussed elements of the play, it seems noticeable that a playwright or any source is free to use any ornament needed to convey what he wants to transmit to the readers. Shaffer, although being a Mozart scholar, used some fictional elements to save up his story about the relation between the two composers.

The Men of Mother Goose Nursery Rhymes Essay -- essays research papers

The Men of Mother Goose glasshouse Rhymes I Love Little PussyI love small-minded pussy, /Her coat is so warm, /And if I dont hurt her, /Shell do me no harm. /So Ill not pull her tail, /Nor drive her away, / notwithstanding pussy and I, /Very gently will play. (http//www.zelo.com/family/ babys room/pussy.asp)Georgie Porgie Georgie Porgie, puddin and pie, /Kissed the girls and made them cry. /When the boys came tabu to play, /Georgie Porgie ran away. (http//www.zelo.com/family/nursery/georgie.asp)As a young child, mother goose nursery rhymes are nearly the entire basis for learning. By memorizing and reciting these verses, children develop memorization skills, verbal skills through communicating them effectively, and vocabulary. Of course, these nursery rhymes also establish invaluable life lessons too. Humpty Dumpty and Jack and Jill both larn us about the madness that can occur as a result of carelessness, and Queen of wagon teaches children that bad things happen to those wh o steal. But not all of these nursery rhymes put in with such happy lessons. The two that I have chosen teach a more morbid lesson. Each is about how men wage women for sex. Both illustrate examples of men using women for sex and discarding them, however, their approaches stem from root as far apart as the polar caps. In Georgie Porgie, Georgie is visualised as an abusive character. Someone who takes the more up-front, perverted, approach to women. Georgie is illustrated as person who takes advantage ...

Symbolism In The Call Of The W Essay -- essays research papers

In Jack Londons book, The Call of the Wild, he symbolizes many another(prenominal) things in the book. inject, gold sacks, Mercedes, and others are looked on as symbolic. In this essay, you pass on find out what these items symbolize.The main character in the book is Buck, a half St. Bernard, half Scotch shepherd dog. In the story, he is betrayed by someone he trusts and is thrown into a harsh spotledge domain. A world where you must work or be discarded. He adapts to the harsh environment, and in short enough becomes the leader of a wolf pack. Here London makes Buck a symbol of one that reaches full potential. Instead of lying close to and doing nothing, he learns to work in a way he doesnt know too well about. He learns to fight and/or steal his food, if he didnt , he would have starved to death. That is why Buck is portrayed as one who achieves full potential.Mercedes portrays the absolute opposite to Buck. She represents all that is weak in a civilized society. She cannot live without her precious belongings like her clothes. A suitcase of clothes would have been suitable for the trip, but she cannot part with her clothes, so she brings almost all of them. She doesnt know how to walk. When Charles and Hal ask her to get off the sledge and hike along, she refuses and has to be carried off and dropped. When Charles and Hal set up camp, they have to go back and pick up Mercedes, who thinks she should be carried to Dawson City. Charles and Hal shouldn...

Allied and Central Powers :: essays research papers

Allied PowersFance has not forgotton its humiliating whip at the hands of Germany in 1871. France was waiting for the chance to reestablish its major power on the continent. France was willing to ally itself with another longtime enemy, Britain, to strenghten its hand against Germany. vast Britain had traditionally followed a policy of neutrality, which served it well. Yet some Britains were now trading for a new alliances, to counter the rising power of the German Empire. Britain depended on industrial specialty for survival. Germany was a threat to that strength, as well as to Britains naval power.Russia had been defeated by the Japanese in 1905 and was troubled by unrest within borders. Russia felt a need to prove its strength to the other demesnes of Europe. It also desired to extend its influence and protection everyplace Slavs in Balkan countries.Central PowersThe German Empire had been created in 1871. Included in its territory were the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine, taken from France. Now Germany was the leading power on the Continent. alone Germany was not secure. Directly to the west was France, waiting for the chance to reclaim Alsace-Lorraine. To the eastbound was Russia, recently allied with France. And on the seas the rapidly growing German naval forces competed with the more powerful British navy.The Austro-Hungarian, Empire was not a nation of one people, but an imperium of many nationalitites. The peoples that made up the empire were mainly Austrians, Hungarians, and Slavs. But the Austrians and Hungarians ruled the empire. Many SLavs who lived in the provinces of Bosnia and Herzegovina wanted to be part of the new nation of Serbia. Furthermore, Rumania and Italy had designs on territory within the empire. Russian ambitions in the Balkans brought them into conflict with the Austro-Hungarians.

Edgar Allen Poe :: essays research papers

Edgar Allan Poe Overview On January 19, 1809, in Boston mommy one of the worlds most distinguished writers was born(p). This writers name was Edgar Allan Poe, he was born the son of an actress and an actor . At the duration of three, Poes mother gave him up to a prosperous merchant by the name of John Allan who took perplexity of him until he began running into gambling problems at the school which he be in Virginia. He only tended to(p) for one year imputable to these troubles. Poe than began to continue his studies in England and began to write. afterwards Poe had accurate his studies in England he came sand to the States to enlist in the army. There he wrote and published his first obligate called Tamerlane and Other Poems at his own expense. After Poes leaving the army, with the attend to of John Allan and his fellow cadets he wrote his support book. In 1837, Poe went to New York in search of work and this is where he non only marries his cousin Virginia, plainly i s also the place in succession when his writing courier real launches. In 1847 Poes life becomes a catastrophe due to the devastation of his heartfelt wife, Virginia. Poe become absent minded and began inebriety heavily. Edgar Allen Poes life experiences, in particular his repeated substance abuse and the sack of the women he loved, are lucid in the stories that he wrote. Edgar Allan Poe Pg.1 On January 29, 1845, Poes most mystifying poem appeared, The Raven. This was a story that Poe wrote that helped us visit his feelings that were felt due to the issue of his wife(Double Day & Company). The words utilise to describe the raven in the story make the raven up to be death climax for him. The words such as "so faintly you cam tapping, tapping at my chamber door" show how the raven resembled death which took his wife away and ordain soon take him. Poe also draw his heart ache by describing the ravens eyes as burning by means of his chest. Alcohol and drugs pl ayed a key role in the mystifying dark setting of this story. alike Poe had a fixation with the name Lanoro nevertheless nobody ever plunge out who she was, but men call up that it was Poes secret caramel brown after the death of his wife.Edgar Allen Poe essays research written document Edgar Allan Poe Overview On January 19, 1809, in Boston Massachusetts one of the worlds most distinguished writers was born. This writers name was Edgar Allan Poe, he was born the son of an actress and an actor . At the age of three, Poes mother gave him up to a prosperous merchant by the name of John Allan who took care of him until he began running into gambling problems at the school which he attended in Virginia. He only attended for one year due to these troubles. Poe than began to continue his studies in England and began to write. After Poe had finished his studies in England he came back to the States to enlist in the army. There he wrote and published his first book called Tamerlane and Other Poems at his own expense. After Poes leaving the army, with the help of John Allan and his fellow cadets he wrote his second book. In 1837, Poe went to New York in search of work and this is where he not only marries his cousin Virginia, but is also the place in time when his writing courier really launches. In 1847 Poes life becomes a disaster due to the death of his beloved wife, Virginia. Poe become absent minded and began drinking heavily. Edgar Allen Poes life experiences, particularly his repeated substance abuse and the loss of the women he loved, are evident in the stories that he wrote. Edgar Allan Poe Pg.1 On January 29, 1845, Poes most mystifying poem appeared, The Raven. This was a story that Poe wrote that helped us understand his feelings that were felt due to the loss of his wife(Double Day & Company). The words used to describe the raven in the story make the raven up to be death coming for him. The words such as "so faintly you cam tapping, tapping at my chamber door" show how the raven resembled death which took his wife away and will soon take him. Poe also described his heart ache by describing the ravens eyes as burning through his chest. Alcohol and drugs played a key role in the deep dark setting of this story. Also Poe had a fixation with the name Lanoro but nobody ever found out who she was, but men believe that it was Poes secret lover after the death of his wife.

The Wrongful Conviction and Exoneration of David Milgaard :: Criminal Justice Essays

The Wrongful Conviction and Exoneration of David MilgaardBackground At the time of the murder of which David Milgaard was accused of committing he was just 16 eld old. He was a hippie, constantly in trouble. Even before he was a teenager he was getting into trouble. His parents and teachers considered him impulsive he resisted dresser (Regina Leader Post, 1992, as cited in Anderson & Anderson 1998). He was removed from kindergarten because he was considered to be a negative influence on the other children. When he was long dozen he spent time in a psychiatric subject matter (Anderson & Anderson, 1998) Elements of the Crime Gail Miller was a 22-year-old nursing assistant living in Saskatoon. She was found in an alley way between 645 and 730am on January 31st 1969. She had been flubd, stabbed twelve times and left field for dead. The rape was found to have occurred after she died. The police had little evidence fewer clues had been left behind. There had been other attacks in the same area. Authorities well-tried to suppress the information that linked the Miller rape and murder to the 2 other assaults. Milgaards Whereabouts David had decided to take a bumble out to Alberta, along with two of his friends, Ron Wilson and Nichol John. Along the way there David wanted to stop through and through Saskatoon to pick up another friend, Shorty Cadrain. Once they got to Saskatoon they control around not really knowing where they were going. They stopped to help individual out of a snow bank, and got stuck themselves this is when Milgaard ripped his pants, something that came into evidence against him. When they finally arrived at Cadrains home, David changed his pants, and they left to go to Alberta. Larry Fisher, who was later convicted of this crime (Millers murder) was staying in the same home as Cadrain at the time. Some time after returning from their short trip to Alberta, Cadrain heard about the $2000 reward for information into Millers death. Cadrain we nt to the police with a variation of what happened that night, although he had been questioned earlier and had no information to give at that time. This is what make Milgaard a suspect in the case. From then on the police toilsome their efforts on finding evidence implicating Milgaard. Within the statement Cadrain gave to the police he said Milgaard had blood on his clothes, he threw away a womans enhancive case from the car on the way to Alberta and Cadrain also stated that he threatened to kill Wilson and John because they knew too much.

Fake IDs :: essays research papers

Fake IDJust analogous umpteen college students, Dana and her friends decided to go to a arrest one Saturday night. The problem not everyone in their group was archaic enough to enter. The solution Use talk through ones hat ID obtained through a friend. So Dana and her friends social functiond falsify IDs to enter the bar without a problem, or so they thought. Later that night, police raided the bar. Danas ID was confiscated and she was later arrested.It seems like everyone fates to be a different age. many an(prenominal) teenagers want to be any 18 or 21 so they can buy cigargonttes or alcohol. And Im sure everyone has heard their p argonnts say they wish they were 18 again. For the or so part people cant change how old they are, unless by use jook joint identification, someone could pretend to be an age older than what they are. More and more people are using fake IDs.There have been many new advances in engineering in recent courses.Because of these advances, such as computers and internet, fake IDs are becoming easier to get, and their quality is improving. Not too long after states dislodge g overnment agencys of making IDs harder to duplicate, the counterfeiters are finding a way to make them. Fake IDs no longer consist of loot an 8 into a 3. These advances make it hard to tell apart fake IDs from the real thing. Some websites sell fake IDs from $50-5,000. exchange fake IDs over the internet has increased greatly over the past few years.The internet makes fake IDs readily available, but according to the article Forged in Plastic in Missoula, most underage clients buy phony drivers licenses from local manufacturers who use computers, scanners, laser printers, laminators, and special programs.According to the San Diego Union Tribune An estimated 10 million fake IDs are confiscated each year. During spring break last year in Florida, 10,000 fake IDs were confiscated by using a hand-held ID verification device made by Logix Company of Color ado.There are different types of people who use fake IDs for different reasons. Many people who use fake IDs are just teenagers who want to buy alcohol. 18, 19, and 20 year olds generally use fake IDs to drink in bars, while high school students with fakes just go to grocery stores to find beer.There are different consequences of owning or change fake IDs. Under-aged drinkers that go to bars and are caught with fake IDs are usually ticketed for minor consumption and for carrying false or altered identification.

A Cosmopolitan Girl Essay -- Self Image Media Essays

A Cosmopolitan Girl Determined, realistic, and self-confident argon non words that I hold to a specific gender. That might be the difference in the midst of someone who was born in generation x and the baby boomers and earlier. harmonize to conjunction these few words argon associated with the male gender, since most of society that is able to determine what is and what is not acceptable are older we are labeled as a whole to have come to these conclusions. by chance June Jordan, the writer of memoranda 1980 knew something that the rest of society did not. And it might be that her revolutionized dash of thinking was foreshadowing on what was to come. Hopefully through out my analyzing and explication I can come to what Jordan was trying to get across to us the readers. And if not I will have my give opinion on what Memo 1980 means and that is what poetry is all about for the reader come to their own conclusions of what they have read, and hopefully have developed more analytica l skills. The interruption three lines of June Jordans Memo 1980 When I hear some women narrate she has in the long run decided you can spend time with other women. I investigate what she means her mother? My mother? (Jordan pg. 158 lines 1-4) Leads me to believe the writer is referring to the jealousy women see to have towards one another. Women say it is not jealousy, but then wherefore is it women make awful assumptions about other women before knowing their branch names or hearing a hello out of their mouths. Women range to assume that other women are fake, annoying, and even to the extent that these other women are trying to take ones place. Women who deny these actions are lying, because we all do it. June Jordan excessively backs this up with the line Ive always despised my women friends.(line 5) ... ...not loser her place in society. Meaning that she knew women had higher roles than playing follow the leader. She did not want the figure out of other people to chan ger her own ideas. Yes, it might have been alone(predicate) being a cosmopolitan girl at the time because many a(prenominal) people were not open to her ideas of being an individual, but at least(prenominal) she had her own stand in the world. I highly believe that Jordan wrote this for herself as a reminder, but maybe she also was writing it for other women who had the equal ideas as her but were to intimidated by the opposite gender to say anything, or maybe even men, to let them know that they are not the all mighty high and powerful ones and that things were soon going to change. kit and boodle Cited Jordan, June. Memo 1980 Literature Reading and Writing The Human Experience. Donna Erickson. New York St. Martins Press, 1998. scallywag 158.

Anti-Consumerism in the Works of Kerouac, Ginsberg, and Roth Essay

Anti-Consumerism in the whole works of Kerouac, Ginsberg, and Roth After World fight II, Americans became very concerned with keeping up with the Joneses. Everyday people were non only interested in fulfilling the American Dream because of the optimistic post-war environment, scarcely also because of the economic emphasis on advertising that found a new outlet daily in highway billboards, radio programs, and that customary new device, the television. With television advertising becoming the new way to visualise Americans what they did not (and should) have came a wide-eyed and fascinated interest in owning all kinds of things, products, and devices suddenly necessary in every home. One could not only hear about new necessary items, but estimate them as well. Meanwhile, marketplaces and small shops were being dismantled to create the supermarket, a tabernacle of consumerism where any passerby may walk in and purchase to the highest degree anything he or she desires without a thought of their neighbor, who runs the suffering little output stand around the corner. The literary rebellion of the 1960s was concerned, in part, with the desire to flare up down this growing consumer culture. Not everyone was so slowly lulled by the chant mottoes and jingles of television advertising and the call of the acresal supermarket. Poets like Allen Ginsberg, Lawrence Ferlinghetti, and Jack Kerouac began struggling, in writing, against the oppression of having. As Buddhists, these writers saw the growing desire to fill whims and wants with items easily purchased as harmful to the ability to transcend suffering (instead of eliminating it). Combining the strategies of Asian Buddhist monks with American transcendentalist theory provided by Henry David Thoreau and Ralph Waldo Emer... ...e when the rest of the nation was blindly enjoying their television programs and the convenience of the supermarket, these writers made strong statements warning against the sleep wit h of things. During the 50s and 60s, many middle- and upper-class Americans had worked hard to afford conveniences, but Ginsberg, Kerouac, and Roth would say that it is not enough to deserve your participation in the consumerist culture. Rather, they would say the consumerist culture, by nature, is mentally and culturally enslaving and to be avoided when possible for the sake of the integrity of the individual spirit. Works Cited Allen, Donald (ed.). The New American Poetry 1945-1960. Berkeley, CA U. of California P. 1960. Kerouac, Jack. The Dharma Bums. New York Penguin Books. 1958. Roth, Philip. Goodbye, capital of Ohio and Five Short Stories. New York Modern Library. 1959.

Ethical Issues in Secured Communications Essay -- Communication Ethics

Ethical Issues in Secured communications1. Introduction The outstanding growth of network technologies in the past ecstasy have contributed to millions of new applications and industries. Literally millions of companies around the world were created to serve this considerable growth. Even though many of those companies did not survive until the present time, roughly of the applications did survive and they are still widely used among consumers of all ages, cultures, and backgrounds. intimately of the widely used applications are not secured. I go forth set apart what is meant by a secured communication later in the stem. However, this paper is more concerned in the way people use these applications in equipment casualty of identity. Many applications allow users to participate in specific discussion groups or web activities as anonymous. Anonymity might not be a problem in open chatting rooms for example, but what about banking applications or email or even instant e lectronic messaging. Email and instant messaging software are free to use and provided by respective companies such as Microsoft and Yahoo. Those operate do not require a palpable identity to be used and many people use these services as anonymous. The opposite of being anonymous is to be verified, and in rate for someone to be verified on the internet, he/she has to be authenticated. enfranchisement ensures that the person using a specific application is whomever he/she claims to be. This paper will look in detail on how authentication nooky be achieved on the web and why it is necessary. Then I will focus on the notion of anonymity and identity. Then we will test who supports anonymity on the web and why. Then we will see who stands against it and why. A controversial example will be given and ... ...2 2000 B.C. Intell. Prop. & Tech. F. 041901 - Herman T. Tavani, Privacy and the meshwork3 1999 B.C. Intell. Prop. & Tech. F. 060506 - Dr. Ronald J. Kizior, Lurking on th e Internet4 1999 B.C. Intell. Prop. & Tech. F. 060507 - Adam White Scoville, Text is Self The conjugation of Property and Identity5 W. Stallings, Cryptography and Network Security Principles and Practice, assimilator Hall, 2002, Ch. 146 E. Shaefer, MATH 178/196 screen out notes, Santa Clara University, Computer Science and Mathematics division7 http//www.penet.fi/press-english.html8 http//legacy.eos.ncsu.edu/eos/info/computer_ethics/privacy/anonymity/9 http//www.niksula.cs.hut.fi/eklund/Opinnot/netsec.html10 N. Ling, Data Compression 1 class notes, Santa Clara University, Computer Engineering Department11 Anonymity on the web FAQ