History of Punjab: State of Sikh Religion :: World History

History of Punjab State of Sikh Religion Punjab, state in north air jacketerly India,bordered on the north by Jammu and Kashmir state and Himachal Pradesh state, on the east and confederation by Haryana state, on the south and southwest by Rajasthan state, and on the west by Pakistan. Punjab state lies between the great systems of the Indus and Ganges river. Punjab had a race of 20,281,969. Chandgarh is the state capital. The creation of Punjab consists mainly of Punjabis, Jats, and Rajputs. The official language is Punjabi. The majority of the population is Sikh, the largest minority is Hindu, and a very small percentage is Muslim, Buddhist, Christian, or Jain. 59% of Punjab population is literate. Universities located in the state include Guru Nanak Dev University in Amritsar, Punjab boorish University in Ludhiana, and Punjabi University in Patiala. More than 80 percent of Punjab is cultivated, and farming is the leading(p) occupation. The major crops are wheat, maize, rice, pulses, sugarcane, and cotton.The industries include the manufacture of textiles, sewing machines, sporting goods, starch, fertilizers, bicycles, scientific instruments, electrical goods, and machine tools, and the processing of sugar and pine oil. I am proud to be Punjabi because of pure and rich culture of that state. Punjabis are noteworthy all around the world and can be easily run aground in any corner of the world. ANCIENT CIVILIZATION Punjab is the cede take aim of Indus Valley Civilization, which is more than 4000 divisions old. Harappa and Mohenjodaro civilization, along the banks of the Indus in Punjab is also the nigh past and famous civilization in the world memoir. Punjab is also the birth place of many Saints belong to Sikh and Hindu religion. Aryan Migration During ancient Punjab takes small scale migrations by the Aryans from the North-West (1500-100 BC). The next thousand year they live in Punjab, they settled never Indus Basin where the oldest books of huma n history called the Rig-Vedas are supposed to have been written. The language of Aryans was Sanskrit. Persian Rule Punjab divided lot of history with great Persian empires. Punjab came under their control from metre to time. Darius the great, the Persian king attacked Punjab and occupied many parts of Punjab. At refinement the Punjab was full invaded by the Persian King Gustasp in 516 BC. Punjab became the wealthiest Satrapy i.e., the province in the Persian kingdom. Punjab became the heart of the Persian Empire.

Our Mutual Friend

Wider instruction Books Research Name Our Mutual peer Author Charles daimon abridgment The multiple plots of Our Mutual Friend, Dickenss last complete novel, twine around the miser tin can Harmons legacy of profitable heaps of refuse (dust). Harmon dies and leaves the dustheap operation to his estrange son John, on the condition that he marries Bella Wilfer, a young charr unknown to him. When a body found in the Thames is believed to be the jr. Harmon, travelling home to receive his inheritance, the dustheaps descend instead to Harmons servant Noddy Boffin (The chromatic Dust human).Boffin and his wife respond to their new status by hiring Silas Wegg, a literary man with a wooden leg to teach Boffin to rede arranging to adopt an orphaned toddler from his poor great-grandmother and bringing the socially ambitious Bella Wilfer into their home, where she is watched and evaluated by John Rokesmith, a mysterious young man employed as Boffins secretary. Rokesmith is actually John Harmon, who has survived betrayal and attempted make love to and is living incognito so that he can observe Bella.Boffins nix transformation by his wealth, Bellas moral awakening as she witnesses the changes wealth produces in Boffin and in herself, and the developing love relationship between Rokesmith and Bella form unrivaled key sub-plot. Another is the romance between gentlemanly idler Eugene Wrayburn and Lizzie Hexam, the miss of the waterman who finds the drowned body. Class differences and the obsessive love and jealousy of schoolmaster Bradley tombstone threaten their relationship, but they are finally married with the help of the spirited dolls dressmaker Jenny Wren.The smaller plots that interweave these sensation/romance narratives signalise on the hypocrisy of fashionable life (Podsnappery) and the destruction of the family lives of both full-bodied and poor by an industrialized, materialistic society. Characters John Harmon, Bella Wilfer, Noddy Boffin, Mrs Henr ietta Boffin, Lizzie Hexam, Charley Hexam, Eugene Wrayburn. Themes One of the most predominate symbols in Our Mutual Friend is that of the River Thames, which becomes part of one of the major themes of the novel, spiritual rebirth and renewal.Water is seen as a sign of new life, used by churches during the ordinance of Baptism as a sign of purity and a new beginning. In Our Mutual Friend, it has the same meaning. Characters like John Harmon and Eugene Wrayburn end up in the waters of the river, and come expose reborn as new men. Wrayburn emerges from the river on his deathbed, but is ready to marry Lizzie to save her reputation. Of course, he surprises everyone, including himself, when he survives and goes on to have a loving marriage with Lizzie.John Harmon also appears to end up in the river through no fault of his own, and when Gaffer pulls his body out of the waters, he adopts the alias of John Rokesmith. This alias is for his own safety and peacefulness of mind he wants to know that he can do things on his own, and does not need his fathers name or specie to make a good life for himself. 29 Throughout Our Mutual Friend, Dickens uses many descriptions that relate to water.Some critics refer to this as metaphoric overkill, and indeed thither are numerous images described by water that have nobody to do with water at all. 30 Phrases such as the depths and shallows of Podsnappery, 31 and the time had come for flushing and flourishing this man down for good 31 show Dickenss use of watery imagery, and help add to the descriptive nature of the book. historical Background Our Mutual Friend was published in nineteen periodical numbers in the fashion of many earlier Dickens novels and for the first off time since Little Dorrit (18557).A Tale of Two Cities (1859) and Great Expectations (18601) had been serialized in Dickenss periodical magazine All the Year Round. Dickens remarked to Wilkie Collins that he was sort of dazed at the prospect of putting out twenty periodical parts subsequently more recent weekly serial. Our Mutual Friend was the first of Dickenss novels not illustrated by Hablot Browne, with whom he had collaborated since The Pickwick Papers (18367).Dickens instead opted for the jr. Marcus Stone and, uncharacteristically, left much of the illustrating process to his discretion. After suggesting only a few slight alterations for the cover, for instance, Dickens wrote to Stone All perfectly right. Alterations sooner satisfactory. Everything very pretty Stones encounter with a taxidermist named Willis provided the basis for Dickenss Mr. Venus, after Dickens had indicated he was searching for an uncommon occupation (it must be something very striking and unusual) for the novel.

Home Depot and Lowes Financial Analysis Essay

ANALYSIS For the past two years (2012-2013) two residence Depot (HD) and Lowes ( meek) appear to be performing companies. However, over all told Home Depot is a significantly tougheneder company. The total sales go through for HD is 3.0% versus 0.3% for utter. A comparison of the Short-term Liquidity reveals that HD and LOW both have congenial current proportionalitys. However, the Quick Ratio provides evidence that HD has a a good deal stronger operable efficiency. The Days Receivable, Inventory and Payables all validate the efficiency of how HD is managing their inventory and accounts. establish on this simple fact alone, HD is performing well above LOW. The divergency of profitability is highlighted at the significant difference in sales growth of HD (3.0%) versus LOW (0.3%). Within all categories of profitability, HD is out performing LOW. The return on assets to generating profits is proving to be very effective for HD. HD has separated itself from LOW in its capabili ty and efficiency. HDs total asset and investment returns clearly separate them from LOW. The HD return on investments categories is almost double for HD over LOW.It is this efficiency that gauges hoe much more effective HD is at putting investments to work to generate revenue. The long-term solvency ratios show that HD is too a much more secure company. The pursual coverage is comparable to both companies. However, the Long-Term debt to common equity shows the leverage that HD has over LOW. It only has a very conservative 2% faith on their debt versus a very high 52.9% for LOW. This difference shows the risk grammatical constituent that could potentially affect the ability of LOW to repay their debts. The market ratio shows similar price earnings for both HD & LOW. The beta is also compatible and highlights the risk that LOW is minutely higher than HD. The HD Common birth Market to Book Return, illustrates how HD has almost doubled their market value of their air to the amount invested by stockholders. This is an incredible strength for any company to achieve. LOW also has a solid ratio, just not as strong as what HD has.The cash flow from operation/net income shows a slight higher ratio for LOW. There was definitely a spike for all cash flow for LOW from 2012 to 2013. HD fell slightly behind LOW at the operational/new income ratio. However, HD is considerably stronger in the cash from operations/investment proving their ability of using internally generated cash from operations to splay the company if desired. The overall winner between HD an LOW is no  uncertainty Home Depot The company is simply performing much go against than Lowes in virtually every financial category as a company. Regarding the DuPont Analysis. In the 1920s the DuPont Corporation developed what became known as the DuPont analysis, a technique which uses basic accounting identities to break down the return on equity into either 3 or 5 component parts. found on the infor mation within the report, HD has consistently achieved greater success and proves to be secure enough that it will continue this future trend. The overall sack up Income/Sales & Earnings to Price Ratio illustrates clearly that operationally HD is a much better company than Lowes.

Defense About Payroll System Essay

GLOBAL RECIPROCAL COLLEGESGRC Bldg Rizal Avenue cor 9th Ave.Caloocan City payroll department arrangement of rulesIn Partial Fulfillment of the requirementsFor the Subject ITCS 211Submitted byLu, Lyn, L.Sanchez, FrecisBalingit, JembertBallester, GerlieAmandog, JinineII- GalatiansSubmitted toMrs. TupazI.T. profIntroductionAs computer engineering science changes at such close phase, many businesses sectors try to cope up by upgrading computer ashes constantly in order to stay competitive. The multi function ability of technology for its advance corpse is also an important factor for a fraternity to use software. It makes efficient use of the advance technology and has ambition to reckon more. Computers have the great impact on the profession of accounting. With the rapid product of technology today, there is no doubt that computer testament father a common asset in all profession.This Computerized Payroll System program allows the monthly payroll schedule to be calculated completely. safe by having all employees learning such as name, rate per hour, operative hours, etc to enter to its database. Therefore, payroll can be done with the guide of the program. The form is good in for its specialty in the fields of accurate computations. It is lightheaded to use, effective and efficient in organizing and calculating the payroll. In addition, this study aims to let out a reliable computerized payroll organization for Ministop convenient Store for a better manageable of a business. The Proposed Computerized Payroll System will entrust a big relief of the employee and employers as well.GoalTo make a efficient, effective and easy to use computerized payroll system that will adjudicate the currently problems of Ministop Convenient Store in having Manual process in their payroll systemObjectivesTo create a computerized payroll system that will work conveniently for the employees of Ministop in computing their salary & accurate get of deductions f or their benefits and taxes. To avoid numerical errors in computing the salary that may cause financial trouble. To prevent muzzy of data and damaging of files. To change magnitude the consume time in checking and tallying their records.Statement of the ProblemMinistop convenience come in has a problem with their payroll system. They always encounter problems in manual(a) payroll process. So we decided to create a computerized payroll system that will seek for answer in the following problems. Prone to mathematical errors that could consume much time than it should and could cause financial or legitimate trouble. Time consuming in double checking the consistency of all the reports. depot of files is susceptible to be damaged as well as lost of data.ScopeThe payroll system has a security ADMIN account in order to use it.The payroll system will compute the total salary of the employees of Ministop according to their recorded rate per hour and hours worked and also the system wi ll automatically deduct their taxes and total contributions for their benefits such as draft and Phil-Health.The computed overall honorarium will be transferred in ATM account.Delimitations This system will only compute the salary of Crews, Guards and Manager. This system is only for the employees of Ministop Convenient Store.AbstractThe program has its own database that will store employees information and salary details. The Admin should log-in first before the program will function. subsequently the user successfully log-in, the main paginate will appear.The main page contains Add employee, Compute compensation and Log- come out button.Add Employee Button is for adding employee.Compute Salary Button is for computing and showing the Salary details.Log-Out button is for the Signing Out of the Admin.In adding employee, the user has to input needed information about the employee.In Computing the Salary, the employee should enter their registered Employee No. and Password. If t he employee successfully filled up the mandatory Employee No. and Password, the Form Salary Details that contains the Employee information and Computed Total Deductions and Salary will appear.In Logging-Out, the system will return to Log-in Form.

Men are Becoming More Evil Essay

I study that in the last couple of decades man is adequate to a greater extent cruel. more blame the media. Then there argon those who blame the increasing cast of dysfunctional family and the weakening relationship between parents and children. Whatever the commence, one social occasion is clear, and that is men are becoming more cruel, violent, in pitying and fell.Global abuse rate, for example, has giftn that all countries around the sphere have steady increase in robbery, homicide and other crimes. The total recorded crime trends have therefore shown ex qualifyingable steady increase in the last 50 decades. This was reported by the United Nations Survey of Crime Trends and Operations of Criminal Justice Systems. new-fangled unrighteousness is also increasing as reported by cosmos Youth Report, 2003. In fact, in many Western European countries, from the 80s to the 90s, statistics show that there is a significant increase in juvenile delinquency rate from 50% to 100%. Moreover, although delinquency is universal, study has shown that there are different contributing reckons to delinquency among different regions. For example, in Africa, the main cause is poverty, unemployment and malnutrition. In Asian countries, it is an urban phenomenon. In some countries, especially those in the Golden Triangle region, children are used by the drug industry, thereby becoming addicts themselves.Also in this region, children are victimized by human trafficking. In Latin America, it is homelessness and poverty. Arab world, it is urbanization for the rich countries and socioeconomic difficulties for the developing ones. charm in many industrialized countries, such as the US, the main factor is increase in consumer goods. What this shows is that across the globe and with different factors, delinquency is becoming a way of life for many children. Gone are the old age when children are innocent. Today they grow up in a world of violence, injustice and inhumanity tha t they themselves become violent, cruel and evil. Their crimes can be considered close heinous.In the last fifteen years school shootings is becoming more common. Then there are children who are not even in their teens commit senseless and extremely cruel crimes, such as Jon Venables and Robert Thompson who stole, tortured and murdered a two year old boy. Whether this is caused by the environment, the media or family upbringing, it is clear that men are therefore becoming more evil. turn evil of course is a process as it does not march on overnight. It means that there is hope yet for the future generations. Societies might change and evil men might repent and turn their backs on their evil ways. But until that day comes, we see man becoming more evil with each passing day.

Montessori Method

What does this term normalization mean? Normalization is a term that causes a wide deal of confusion and several(prenominal) concern among many sassy Montessori P arnts. Normalization is indeed non the outstrip choice of spoken communication It suggests that we atomic number 18 going to help nestlingren who atomic number 18 non normal to become normal. This is definitely non what maria Montessori meant. Normalization is Montessoris name for the process that takes place in Montessori classrooms around the world, by means of which modern minorren perk to focus their intelligence, concentrate their energies for long periods, and take trem eat upous rapture from their work.In his book, Maria Montessori Her Life and Work, E. M. Standing described the following characteristics of normalization in the chela between the age of three and six A love of order A love of work Profound self-generated concentration Attachment to reality Love of silence and of working simply Sublimation of the possessive instinct Obedience Independence and initiative Spontaneous self-abnegation Joy The power to act from real choice and not on the nose from idle curiosityKay Futrell in her classic little book, The Normalized Child, describes Dr. Montessoris awe when the 60 frightened and ill- train home(a)-city children of her first Childrens House began to respond to the new purlieu. What followed overtakemed incredible even to Dr. Montessori, for the deprived children blossomed under this freedom, and the possibility of doing work suitable to their conveys. They revealed to her not only their enormous capacity for intellectual accomplishment, but a strange character of sweetness and serenity.They displayed a sincerely yours uncorrupted spirit, scorning rewards and punishment, and finding their joy in the prodigious work which involved them. They came from these labours refreshed, as from a creative experience, and as they worked, they grew in inner matte r and peace. The sight of these children, who displayed the truly normal characteristics of childishness, was the force which motivated Maria Montessori for the remainder of her heart.This secret of childhood she pursued with great vitality, and from her tireless observations and efforts, evolved her perception of the childs psychic personality. As she travelled from country to country, lecturing, training teachers, helping to establish give lessons after school, this same phenomenon was observed wherever conditions promoting its growth were perfectly realized. This normalized child is the image which Montessori teachers keep uppermost in their minds. This is what we are striving for, what we commit to achieve.However, this child get out only appear if we conscientiously prepare ourselves and our classrooms and if we trick build on the proper preparation in the childs home. Normalization is an new(prenominal) word for what we call Montessoris JOYFUL Scholars What Outcomes mi nt We Look for If We Give Our Child a Montessori Education? Here are eight primary aspects we normally find in children who have enceinte up with a Montessori education Academic Preparation Montessori prepares students both for higher(prenominal) education and for life.On an academic level, Montessori helps students attain skills that allow them to become individually functioning adults and life-long leaders. Intrinsic Motivation Innate desire drives Montessori children to engage in activities for enjoyment and satisfaction. Internalized Ground Rules and the Ability to Work with External Authority Montessori students are normally comfortable with flat coat rules that shape the boundaries for their interactions indoors the school community.Because these ground rules become internalized, Montessori students normally learn to behave appropriately whether or not teachers are present. Social Responsibility Montessori children melt to be quite reactive to the rights and needs of others. They hunt down to make a positive contribution to their community. liberty Montessori students tend to become self-directed, composed and morally independent. Confidence and Competence Montessori students tend to become confident, competent, self-reflective, and, thereby, successful.They are generally not afraid of failure and learn from mistakes. Creativity and Originality of Thought Montessori students normally become confident in expressing their profess ideas and creativity. They recognize the value of their own work, respect the creative process of others and are willing to share their ideas regardless of the risk of rejection. Montessori students tend to take great satisfaction in self-expression. Spiritual Awareness Montessori students are often exceptionally compassionate, empathetic, and sensitive to the natural world and the human condition.Montessori MethodDiscipline traditionally it is felt that if we want to have assortd children then we must wield s ome gentle of control all over them so that in the end they bow to our superior strength and acquire our way of acting. We do not expect self discipline to tog out spontaneously in children we tend to think it is something that we need to impose on a child. Of course if we set limits for desired behaviour and we make accepted the child stays slap within these limits then what we will see superficially is a child that does as he is told. But this is not self discipline this is the kind of discipline that disappears as soon as the adult exerting their will disappears. Maria Montessori hoped for so much more than this. . Montessori verbalise that if we want to help children set about into self disciplined adults then we need to provide the kind of environment that will help the child to fashion a strong will when self control is born within the child and is not oblige externally it is a lasting discipline that will stay with him through his life. ook at the traditional v iew of discipline and contrast it with the way in which self discipline is developed agree to the principles of Maria Montessori. It will be of interest to all who would like to visualize more about the unmixed Montessori contradiction that self discipline tolerate be nurtured by granting the child freedom. As Maria Montessori says One of the sterling(prenominal) difficulties in securing discipline lies in the fact that it cannot be obtained simply with words Discipline is therefore attain indirectly, that is, by developing activity in spontaneous work. Everyone must learn how to control himself and how to engage in tranquillize and silent activity, for no other purpose than that of keeping alive that inner flame on which life depends. Montessori MethodDiscipline Traditionally it is felt that if we want to have disciplined children then we must exert some kind of control over them so that in the end they bow to our superior strength and adopt our way of acting. We do not ex pect self discipline to arise spontaneously in children we tend to think it is something that we need to impose on a child. Of course if we set limits for desired behaviour and we make sure the child stays rigidly within these limits then what we will see superficially is a child that does as he is told. But this is not self discipline this is the kind of discipline that disappears as soon as the adult exerting their will disappears. Maria Montessori hoped for so much more than this. . Montessori said that if we want to help children develop into self disciplined adults then we need to provide the kind of environment that will help the child to create a strong will when self control is born within the child and is not imposed externally it is a lasting discipline that will stay with him through his life. ook at the traditional view of discipline and contrast it with the way in which self discipline is developed according to the principles of Maria Montessori. It will be of int erest to all who would like to understand more about the apparent Montessori contradiction that self discipline can be nurtured by granting the child freedom. As Maria Montessori says One of the greatest difficulties in securing discipline lies in the fact that it cannot be obtained simply with words Discipline is therefore attained indirectly, that is, by developing activity in spontaneous work. Everyone must learn how to control himself and how to engage in calm and silent activity, for no other purpose than that of keeping alive that inner flame on which life depends.

“Mugged” By: Jim Crocket : Reader Response Essay

In the essay Mugged by Jim Crockett he talks around his birth with his cocoa berry marking. This essay is about building relationships and how almost everyone has something they wedge to. In the beginning he makes it sound like he was physiognomyged by some people and lost all his money, but that wasnt the case, he lost something more valuable to him, his coffee print. Jim thinks he has an habituation to coffee itself, but in reality its with the coffee mug. People never receive him without his coffee mug, and Jim always knows where its at, wether its on the table, or in his hand. I conceive that even though Jim Crockett is attached to his coffee mug, everyone has some sort of hamper to something. I believe Jim Crockett has a somewhat unhealthy bail to his coffee mug. By reading his essay the reader can infer several(prenominal) things. He looks to be somewhat desperate to control the details of his life. It would count that Jim Crockett does not currently have any type of meaningful relationship with a significant other or his piers.The way he speaks of his mug its shape, curvaceous, tapered, slim-waisted, and a bit heavier on top waits to suggest that the coffee mug serves as a surrogate for female companionship. Jim Crocketts denial of his attachment to his coffee mug and his justification of his actions as addiction to caffeine seem to be a defense mechanism. temporary hookup a seemingly petty object to most people the coffee represents a constant front in Jim Crocketts life. The reader can alike assume that Jim Crockett is also environmentally conscious. He speaks of organically, shade-grown coffee and the paper cup and insulating sleeve, both pocket-sized bits of tree stay in the store. Jim Crockett shows a very divided personality. composition somewhat concerned what his peers seem to think of his supposed coffee addiction he is almost oblivious to stopping traffic to pick up his coffee mug that he left on his bumper. It would also see m that Jim Crockett is somewhat apposed to a big business and corporations based on his jobs as a spanish instructor, some writer, farmer, and carpenter all decidedly, independent professions as well as his mentioning of the earth/human pillaging multinational cartel. While Jim Crockett seems to have a rather unhealthy fixation to his coffee mug we all have attachments to some inanimate object. I can bear upon to his attachment because as a child I received a blanket, it still gives me a sense of security and well being. It would seem that in that respect is a fine line between

Salbutamol Resistance

The maximum put kitty take puzzle within five to fifteen minutes. The former(a) r kayoedes are orally (via tablets) and intravenously. Salomon has a number of medical uses, but It is mainly used to treat asthma attack and exercise Induced bronchuss. Treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary malady Is a nonher(prenominal) key use of this medicate (diseases In this category implicate chronic bronchitis and emphysema). otherwise less widely applied uses is in manipulation of premature labor in obstetrics since the medicine can a equivalent relax uterine smooth muscles intravenous administration) and in the treatment of cystic fibrosis in combination with other drugs (3).Des stonee ten Tact Tanat tens Aragua NAS Eden valuable In ten treatment AT serious medical conditions like asthma, there is still a serious orchestra pitfall in the long-term use of the drug since most people who have been on it for a long duration tend to the develop some form of drug guard/tolerance to the drug. This results in a slower and less ever-changing effect of the drug on patients who have been using it chronically. in that respectfore, directly translating to the hire to adjust dose and frequency of the drug administration, this can be semen preferably a burden to everyone involved.Down regulation of the 2- sensory receptors and a reduction of their sensitivity ( change) causes this protection (4). The drug has an intricate mode of action that involves a number of pathways at microscopic cell level. Initially, it acts by binding on beta epinephrine receptors (4). The receptor is coupled to a stimulatory guanine nucleotide-binding protein (as protein) and usually fluctuates between variant conformations in the inactive state (5). Once the agonies (Salomon) binds to the receptor, it stabilizes one of the information star to the energizing of the G-protein.The G-protein is a transmigrate signal transducer that has alpha and beta-gamma subunits (6). After energizi ng of the protein the alpha subunit dissociates, resulting in a form that stimulates activity of the enzyme densely cycles (7). This enzyme at a time increases the production of cyclic adenosine Mephistopheles (CAMP) in the cell. It does this by transforming adenosine troposphere (TAP) into CAMP finished depopulations and structure shifting (8). Increased levels of CAMP results in activation of CAMP- restricted protein kinas A.Protein kingies are enzymes that modify proteins by adding to them a phosphate group(usually derived from TAP). This phosphorescently leads to a operative change in the targeted protein either by altering the enzyme activity, its intracellular hole or its interaction with other proteins (9). Protein kinas A is a CAMP pendent kinas and in the activated form, it works in deuce ways (all of which leads to quietus of a smooth muscle) first, it decreases the acting- myosin interactions by phosphorescently the myosin light chain (10). Secondly, it lowers intr acellular atomic number 20 concentration in the smooth muscle cells.This reduction muster ups about via two well researched and understood tools. The first mechanism involves the regulation of influx and effluence of calcium through the calcium channels in the sarcoma (which is the cell wall). Protein kinas A causes the channels to increase the efflux of calcium from the cell and decreases influx (11). The sulphur mechanism involves the ceroplastic reticulum which is the chief store of calcium in the cell. The kinas stimulates usance of calcium into the store, therefore, reducing its overall concentration in the cytoplasm (12).The effect of these woo mechanisms (low calcium) leads to smooth muscle relaxation. Lastly, research shows that raised levels of CAMP causes a cessation of the release of mediators of inflammation from mast cells in the respiratory tract (13). each(prenominal) of these elaborate actions give Salomon its potency in dilating constricted airways and reduci ng deterrent secondary to inflammatory processes. But prolonged use and exposure to this drug leads to development of a resistance to it. Many schools of thought have come up with possible explanations as to now tens napes rater years AT terrific research.However, ten most accepted explanation is down regulation of the 2-receptors and desensitizing of the same (14). It is now universally accepted that a cells surface nerve of this receptor and its coupling to signaling pathways inside the cell shows a ban feedback loop that works to reduce the cell responsiveness to prolonged avocation of the receptor by agonies lagans. When an agonies attaches to the receptor, the stabilization involves phosphorescently (15). This usually interferes with how the receptor couples with the Gas-protein therefore, limiting its puzzle out in what is commonly referred to as desensitizing.Desensitizing thus leads to reduction in the activation of intracellular signaling pathways secondary to prolong ed receptor stimulant drug (16). This mechanism of uncoupling is rapid and reversible in nature, usually seen after short-term exposure. Phosphorescently of the receptor usually happens delinquent to protein kinas A dependent pathways or by activation of G-protein receptor kingies named beta -ARKS (17). Tissues of different types show different degrees of this uncoupling when exposed to stimulatory lagans, and this can be due to the differences in activity of the above mentioned phosphorescently mechanism.Apart from desensitizing another key process leading to Salomon resistance is the receptor down regulation. When 2-receptors stimulation amounts for prolonged duration, they show a negative feedback mechanism that reduces their quantity of bearing on the cell surface (18). The mechanism behind this is not peculiarly clear, but it is strongly believed to be due to receptor trafficking to lissome for destruction. look has shown that chronic exposure to Salomon does not only lea d to uncoupling but excessively receptor initialization from the cell surface.Initialization slide bys through the process indications, which happens via Claritin coated pit endoscope pathway that works by forming buds from the cell membrane (19). When this process begins, Claritin (which is a small intracellular protein) begins to arrange on the inner surface of the cells plasm membrane below the soon to be internalized receptor. The linear ends then set off coming together to form a circular Claritin coated pit that has now engulfed a part of the plasma membrane, the receptor and some adulterous fluid (20).The pit buds off into the cell and the ends of the plasma membrane come together to correct the deficit left on the surface. This pit is now referred to as a vesicle, and it traffics contents to a cell organelle cognise as a lissome (21). This organelle has an acidic environment and a number of enzymes that breakdown fats, proteins and carbohydrates. The vesicle fusses with the organelles membrane and regurgitates its contents leaving the Claritin molecules on the surface (22). The receptor and other contents are consequently degraded. This is not the only aspect of down regulation that plays a part in reducing receptor expression.Research has shown that 2-receptor Mrs. levels significantly reduce in the nucleus when levels of protein kinas A become elevated for long durations (days to months). Clinical shoot a lines Clinical features of Salomon resistance occur when patients are intolerant to the drug therapy. Recovery, after therapy, is prolonged or deficient even after maximum amelioration AT receive dose. I en most gallants clinical Torture appears in the deterioration of asthma and the subsequent exacerbation of the symptoms. Drug disgustful asthma nowadayss with (23) Worsening dyspepsia. straight suspire and breathlessness. Chest tightness.These patients have developed tolerance to Salomon, therefore, are loathsome to the therapy. With su bsequent increase in the dose therapy which is not telling, patients with theoretically hyper-responsiveness with or without exposure to allergens and with the resulting inflammatory changes and bronchi-constriction, asthma worsens. The most atrocious clinical feature can present like status asthmatics or acute inexorable asthma. This present as episodes of severe asthma, failing to respond to usual effective doses of Salomon (24). There is progressive respiratory failure even within the family of therapy.This episode can progress to fatal asthma. Patients present with Significant wheezing and dyspepsia. Severe respiratory distress. Hyperventilation and subsequent respiratory leukemia. Features of metabolic acidosis due to anaerobiotic respiration and elevated levels of lactate from the respiratory muscles (25). Severe asthma bequeath occur with increasing degree of hyper-reactivity due to intolerance to drug therapy otiose relief and loss of bronchitis tone. Clinical feature can also occur as a result of high drug dosage. Resistance causes a patient who is in respiratory distress to use increasing and more(prenominal) frequent doses of albums.High doses produce toxicities which can present with general features (26). In the respiratory system there can be hyperemia. Salomon is a psychosomatic divisor (beta 2 agonies) the vacillators effect of beta 2 Zionists increases perfusion of poorly ventilated lung units, transiently decreasing arterial oxygen tension (27). Significance of this effect depends on initial partial pressure of oxygen of the patient. Hyperemia will present clinically as occasions, respiratory distress, and tachyons. There can be ludicrous bronchuss due to the Atonally antagonism to Transcendentalist erect AT SalomonI en spasms, AT the smooth muscles lining the bronchi, are due to psychosomatic action of Salomon and adrenaline stimulation. In the cardiovascular system, the psychosomatic action of Salomon can cause perniciousness whi ch might result in cardiac arrhythmias, arterial fibrillation, supercritical tachycardia and duplication systole (29). There can be an occurrence of coronary insufficiency due to hyperemia, atheistically and resulting tachycardia, peripheral bastardization with a compensatory small increase in heart and soul rate, hypertension and palpitation. In the endocrine and metabolic system, there can be hypoglycemia.Salomon may stimulate sodium and potassium Tapes which causes redistribution of electrolytes (30). Hyperglycemia in a diabetic patient Salomon stimulates the beta 2 transporters which stimulate hepatic animal starch breakdown for pancreatic release of clangor which increase plasma glucose. In the central nervous system, overdose of Salomon therapy intolerance can produce CONS symptoms much(prenominal) as insomnia, weakness, dizziness, nervousness, tremors, transient muscle cramps and headache. Rarely reported effects intromit drowsiness, irritability, chest discomfort and di fficulty in instruction (31).Diagnosis Diagnosis of Salomon resistance follows the clinical guidelines of a full comprehensive history of the patient, physical exam, and investigation to confirm the patients tolerance to drugs. In taking the history certain marvel might lead to the discovery that a patient previously on Salomon therapy is unresponsive to the drug. When doing a physical exam, clinician should lay off out for general ceremonial occasion such as respiratory distress and occasions. In doing a systemic exam, focusing on the respiratory system may bring out worsening respiratory cash in ones chips.Clinician may find wheezing with other signs apocalyptic of exacerbated asthma. Investigation Investigative studies are confirmatory and supportive to the diagnosis. The base lines entangle Full livestock count. Urea electrolyte count. Liver function tests. Random blood sugar if suspecting diabetes. I en consoler long toner tests In prospector s o mol toxicity al u TA Pul monary function tests Serum blood gas analysis with pH profile Cardiograms to check arrhythmias agent typing the cornerstone of Salomon resistance detection is gene typing. data-based studies have shown that tolerance in asthma is in the polymorphism of he DRAB gene.Analysis show that tolerance is in the glycogen allele at position 16 and 21 at the beta receptor gene. Gene typing for polymorphism can aid in identifying patients with drug resistant asthma (32). Management Management can be categorized as supportive, specific, checkive and rehabilitative. Supportive management include Outpatient monitoring if not severe Admission to a hospital if severe. Severe asthma necessitates immediate entree as it can be fatal. Oxygen therapy. Intubations and mechanical ventilation if severe. procedure of parental corticosteroids which are anti-inflammatory.Fluid and electrolyte resuscitation in the case of hypoglycemia. Frequent monitoring of patients to the drug. limited management is bot h surgical and medical. Surgical management, research is still afoot(predicate) and ongoing. Medical management includes the use of a second-line therapy like monopolies, astatine and antihistamines. There is also use of cardiac-selective beta adrenaline blocking agents and corticosteroids in Salomon toxicity. Other drugs can be used depending on symptoms of resistance, for example interventions, insulin and any other depending on the symptoms of the patient.Surgical intervention for example attempting bronchial thermoplastic. This is a bronchitis procedure in which delivered thermal energy to airways it reduces airway smooth muscle hyper responsiveness. It has been also shown to be beneficial in treatment of severe asthma where continuous therapy has failed. stop management Includes gene typing early enough to Isolate patients wilt Salomon resistance by checking the beta AR gene. The other way is to prevent high-drug toxicity. Rehabilitative management of any complication that mi ght occur is essential.

Biology level

This causes a decrease in lung closet, (intrapulmonary pressure) which establishes the pressure side from the atmosphere (1 59 meg) to the alveoli (105 meg) which past results INSPIRATION. As oxygen is inhaled it enters the external m atomic number 18s (nostrils), from the external mares it moves into the nasal cavity which functions in moistening, filtering and warming of the air. After the nasal cavity the air moves into the interior(a) mares which is fixed behind the soft pallet of the roof of the mouth. at one time the air moves through the internal mares it moves down into the throat which is the passageway for sustenance and IR, it so moves down into the voice box which is the first part of the trachea. The larynx contains the epiglottis which is a cartilage flap that restricts food from going into the air pipe, and vice versa. As air moves down from the pharynx into the larynx the epiglottis closes the esophagi and affords the passageway for the air, to go through the glottis into the trachea. The trachea is lined with a mucous membrane which catches any debris that is left in the air.The trachea indeed forms 2 primary bronchi, one for the left lung and one for the right hand lung. The primary bronchi attach he trachea to the lung. The primary bronchi then outgrowth out into secondary bronchi which form the lobes of the lung. The left lung contains 2 secondary bronchi resulting in 2 lobes and the right lung contains 3 secondary bronchi which result in 3 lobes. The secondary bronchi then branch into tertiary bronchi, these then branch into smaller tubules called bronchioles.The first part of the bronchioles is know as the terminal bronchioles, which then sub-divide into respiratory bronchioles. The respiratory bronchioles then sub-divide into dental ducts around the recurrence of the dental ducts are numerous alveoli and alveolar sacs. Alveolar sacs consist of two casings of alveoli which share a common exculpateding. The two types of alveoli are type 1 and type 2 cells. Type 1 cells have a continuous lining of the alveolar wall, and type 2 cells are called septa cells and are found between type 1 cells, they are also fewer in number.Type 1 alveolar cells are the main alveolar cells for gas exchange. one time 02 has reached the alveolus it stinkpot then diffuse into the capillaries. The process of dispersion is when pressures move from a high pressure to a rower pressure through a pressure gradient. Oxygen is able to move from the atmosphere to the alveoli because it has a APP of McHugh and the Alveoli has a APP of McHugh. Once the oxygen moves from the atmosphere through the air passage into the alveoli it advise then diffuse into the capillaries where APP is McHugh. 2 is able to move from the alveoli into the capillaries due to the process of diffusion (high pressure to low pressure through a pressure gradient). Once the 02 enters the capillaries it is then picked up by erythrocytes (RUB s) where it attach ed to the hammed portion of the hemoglobin. APP in the store is McHugh. Once the 02 is in the Orbs it can then diffuse into the tissues where the APP is 40 meg. As oxygen is being inspired, CO is being expired in the confrontation direction. CO starts off in the tissues at a APPC of 45 meg, it then diffuses into the capillaries where its APPC is might.Once the CO is in the capillaries it can then attach to RUB where the degenerated business line now has a APPC of might. Once in the red agate line cells the CO can then diffuse into the alveoli where APPC is might. Once the CO enters the alveoli, the respiratory muscles then relax. Which then leads to the decrease in the size of the thorax, increase in pectoral pressure, decrease in lung size, and increase in lung pressure, which established the pressure gradient from the alveoli to the atmosphere, which the results in EXPIRATION.Once oxygen enters the capillaries from the alveoli it attaches to the hammed portion of the hemoglob in. A hemoglobin molecule consists of a protein called globing. Globing is made up of 4 polypeptide chain, each polypeptide chain contains a hammed portion, and at the center of each hammed portion is an iron molecule that oxygen can attach to. Therefore each hemoglobin molecule consists of 4 oxygen molecules. The oxygenated crosscurrent will then travel from the lungs, through the pulmonary veins, anchor into the left atrium of the heart.The AS leaf node will then send an appetite to the VA node. The AS node functions as a pacemaker of the heart which sets its rhythm. The AS node makes sure that the ventricle and the atria do not contract at the kindred time. Once the impulse is sent to the VA node, it is then passed on to the VA bundles, also known as the Bundle of His. The VA bundles then branch in to 2 unlike ranches, the right and left, which then move down the septum into the pureeing fibers.Forcing the blood through the bicuspid valve, into the left ventricle, which the n open the aortic seminar valve, forcing the blood through the aorta, into the group AB aorta, then into the common iliac artery, through the external iliac artery, to the femoral artery, which will then lead the blood to the deep artery of the thigh. The blood will then flow into the quadriceps of the muscle where there is an open wound, and this is where the blood will begin to clot. Blood Clotting or coagulation is a complex sequence of events (chemical reactions) that causes blood to go from liquid to gel.Consistency of blood is due to the formation of a network of fibers consisting of fibrin protein and it involves more than a cardinal chemicals called clotting grammatical constituents. Clotting factions include Ca ions phosphoric associated with lipids and a commixture of lepidopterist and phosphoric released from damaged tissues. The blood clotting process involves three major(ip) stages. 1) formation of praiseworthiness, 2) formation of thrombi, 3) and the formation of f ibrin. For this specific case there is an open wound in the quadriceps, which triggers the personate to use the adventitious clotting mechanism.The extrinsic clotting mechanism is used when there is tissue damage, bleeding and when the body is in need of rapid clot formation, this occurs within a few seconds. The damaged tissue then releases a tissue factor known as thermoplastic resin into the blood. The thermoplastic then activate a protein in the plasma called factor x, with the aid of calcium this then forms the enzyme known as praiseworthiness. Praiseworthiness is an enzyme that converts promoting to thrombi.Promoting is an sluggish enzyme in the plasma, with the help of praiseworthiness it can be born-again to thrombi which is an activated enzyme. For thrombi to be active ca+ must be presence. Thrombi is an activated enzyme which converts power to fibrin. Forefinger are soluble clotting proteins in plasma, this is then converted to fibrin with the help of thrombi. Fibri n are insoluble thread like proteins, which form across the wound, which form a net like structure that traps platelets and RUB s which creates a plug across the wound, which results in a stoppage of bleeding. interrogation 2

Factors That Influence Job Design Essay

Factors that baffle job design, hiring, training and public presentation appraisals that supervisors must take into cast. Staff members are required to perform a clear bent-grass of job activities that are designed to accomplish organisational objectives (Lewis, Packard, & Lewis, 2007). There are two considerations that should be taken into account when designing specific staff roles. The first consideration is that the job ordain need to be designed to meet accomplishment of program objectives, satisfaction of signalize holder expectations and the clients. The second consideration is that the job should put one across corporate elements that provide a reaching environment for employees that is high quality. If employees down a quality work environment, they go forth find their jobs stimulating, meaningful and ordain be much committed to organizational goals (Lewis, Packard, & Lewis, 2007).Read more Describe divisors which may influence childrens development essay separatewise factors that may influence job design are the need for introductory level of knowledge and skills, pay and working conditions. Factors that influence hiring are qualifications, upbringing and specific precedent experience. Screening grids and checklists are hired to organize key information about candidates. The grid provides information about the candidates that relate to qualifications, educations, and prior experience. A check list is also used to provide flesh out that leave reflect the ratings for meeting, not meeting, or exceeding expectations. After the application has been completed, only the best candidates get out be considered for further processing. There will also be a need for a certain full stop of match between the goals of the applicant and the mission of the organization (Lewis, Packard, & Lewis, 2007). metrical consideration is given to the use of resources and participant motivation, and so training programs will be based on the a ssessment of real needs. Certain factors influence job training and these factors are management support, legitimate training needs, learnedness objectives, experienced trainer, learner ability and motivation, readiness and emotional support. The most potent factor is management support. Management should provide an environment that is conducive to breeding, and set ahead professional development. Legitimate training needs will need to be considered, and through a training needs analysis, a deficiency in employee surgical process can be determined (McDonough, 2011). Learning objectives that are set prior to the start of training are considered an definitive key factor. trenchant trainers will ensure that the expectations as well as the needs of the employee are met. Employees must have a readiness, ability and the motivation to learn. Employees that perceive learning as a benefit will be motivated, ready and willing to learn. Immediate benefits of new skills learned will increase employee emotional investment. steamy investment serve ups employees to retain and to relate to the new information they have learned (McDonough, 2011). Performance appraisals can be influenced by certain factors, and it is important that supervisors give these factors careful consideration. These factors are documented process, evaluation of results and follow-up and operation improvement. Performance appraisals are an important process for supervisors and management, and are used to chance upon areas of strength and areas that need improvement. Documented process will ensure that the performance appraisal will be effective.Supervisors should be reminded that this process exists, how it works, and where to get care if it is needed. Periodic training of performance appraisals may be needed. Evaluation results will provide general information about the performance level of the employees (Chron, n.d.) Supervisors and employees should use this performance appraisal as a t ool that will help increase performance. Members of Team A discussed personal contests of supervisor or as a supervised employee. Reading through the personal challenges, I put up that we all encountered familiar challenges. Some of these challenges related to the different personalities within the work place and how it can affect a team. Jealousy became a factor as a supervisor, and employees became disrespectful and resentful. Receiving a promotion over other employees that believed they deserved it, were soon scrutinized by other coworkers. Stress relating to longer hours and change magnitude responsibilities is another familiar challenge we all shared. Motivating employees was a challenge that was shared as a supervisor, and the realization of how important motivation is to the team.

Culture is learned

Which country has the richest acculturation? You cant de bournine richness of stopping point. No one is better than the others, in my opinion, every culture has their own uniqueness. Culture is learned I would say any culture or sub-culture is learned. Its environmental. Every culture is learned by the plenty who exsert It. Even people born(p) Into a culture learn the culture as they grow and mature. I think almost everything is cultured and everyone is cultured.For instance, we were born as babies, we had not learned anything yet, but we were able to cry, and express our feelings In certain ways. There was no culture Involve until we learned and discover from our parents or others how to do things to follow our custom rules, and so forth. How culture Is create? By formulating rules, norms and beliefs. Culture Shock Culture Shock Is a term characterd to describe the anxiety produced when a soul moves to a in all new environment. Usually, the way that we lived before is not accepted or considered traffic pattern in the new country.Everything is distinguishable, for example, not speaking the language, not knowing how to use simple everyday Items such as banking machines or knowing how to command a bus. Week 6 reflection How many people moldiness to perform his/her duty In the society In order for you to simulate In the classroom right now? Thats too many people that I couldnt even count it out. I think every citizen is relate and Its all somehow connected. Its a human society CHAIN. Parents pay instruction fee for me to study In university.But their salary comes from the revenue of their business. The revenue comes from the purchase of the consumers, etc. School gets paid in order to run the administration well, and it also needs professor and administrators to take care of. So I thank every person in this society. I do moot people present themselves in different ways in different situations with different people. Its all about impression mana gement. Thats what you really should Humans pass on developed the ability to quickly decide whether a new person entrust hurt or enrich us.Just three seconds are adequate to make a conclusion about fresh acquaintances, so I think impression management is really important to everyone. Social qualify models assume that rewards and costs drive relationship decisions. Both parties in a social exchange take responsibility for one another and attend on each other. Worth = Rewards Costs If worth is a affirmative number, it is a positive relationship. On the contrary, a negative number indicates a negative relationship. The worth of a relationship influences its outcome, or whether people will continue with a relationship or terminate it.

God and the ancient Chinese Essay

I check read the unhurt watchword and understand the whole concept. According to the Book of Isaiah, the Chinese people were menti one and only(a)d in the Prophecy. They were known as Sinim. When the Chinese Empire was first established it was first form under divinity fudges law. God was with to each one of the 4 dynasties. God chose each King for each dynasty if one King has failed to keep Gods Commandment. He would raise up a new King to enamour over the old King. China was established by two fabled rulers. Their names were Yao and Shun. They worship the God of Noah and through the Chinese Classics.It was believed that Yao and Shun get a line the great flood. During the time of Babel God confused the people language. Yao and Shun organise a resembling language group and traveled from Mesopotamia to Sinim concord to Gods will. In the Chinese classic there were some sympathetic accounts to the record take hold story. For example Boat, Eight, People. We could Understand that the Chinese classics was referring to the story of Noahs Ark. During the Qin Dynasty, King Qin Shi Huangdi prepared a feast for the Chinese Scholars. The feast was to bring all the scholars in one place so the King could punish them.The King was upset that the Scholars were not teaching the Chinese children present teaching instead they taught the past teaching. He asked advices from his Prime Minister. Li Si, the Prime Minister was against the teaching of Shangdi (God). Therefore, he advised the King to blow a fuse all the Chinese classics piece. Most of the writing were gather in one place and pile up and burnt. Fortunately, there were some Scholars who had hid away the book of Confucius so it could be read by younger generation. Some of these writing still exist to these days. There are Chinese sages that were compared to the Biblical characters.I will illustrate four Sages. Mencius was one of the Sages. He had an amazing prognostic more or less the King. This King is n o ordinary earthly King. He is the supernal King. He prophesied that 500 or more years will some other King rule according to Gods will. Like worth, Daniels prophecy was alike Mencius. Tang was a minister during a dynasty. He was compared to Joseph. Tang was appointed to gather grains and foods for the kingdom to supplies foods for the people to survive during the 7 years drought. Pen Gen was chosen by Shangdi (God) to lead the people from the Shang Dynasty to the arrive that was chosen for them by God.He was compared to Moses, who led the Israelites across the Red ocean from Egypt. Lao Zi was a promising Chinese Sage. No one knows for current who he was or what background he came from. He was compared to John the Baptist because he went to make way for the Great Dao God. All the event had happened simultaneously later one another and synchronous to the Biblical events. Both the Chinese Classics and the Bible contain the Seventh-Day as the day of rest. The early King had kept t his commandment. On the seventh-day, the whole kingdom was to rest. The merchants and workers were to close their stall.The kingdom main gate was to be close on the seventh-day so no businesses would continue working. God had placed the law for the Chinese to live by and it was the Chineses responsibleness to follow it. The Chinese Classics also talks near the sacrifice to Shangdi. afterward the first deception, men were to offer lamp to Shangdi. There is a pictograph showing a man and a woman offering their sacrifice. The sacrifice is call, Border hand which was done in the Temple of Heaven in Beijing. God mightiness consent chosen the Chinese Sages to tell the people to come to God. Confucius was a messenger of Dao (God).He spent most of his life teaching about the Dao. In the book of Yi Jing which was written by Confucius contained the redemption Plans of God. During the year, Chinese Sages helpless track of Gods teaching and new pietys began to come into the country. Th erefore, the Chinese begin to worship idols and believing in sinful rituals. The true Dao God was wooly and when the Dao come again he will judge them fairly according to their sins. I have studied Church History about Christianity in China and I was really impressed how far back Christianity begins in China. My first impression on china before studying about the history was just broad.I idea their very first religion was Tao or Buddhist just now Tao Dao God was the teaching of God further as times passes by the true teaching of God have been lost with it. Buddhism later influences the false teaching. I would have never thought after the Tower of Babel, the Chinese Dynasty would rise up as well. I am disappointed with this book because it was focusing too much on the Chinese Classics and the prophecy. Some of the Classics are riddle which is hard to understand. When I was studying Church History, the teacher would show us some statues and sculptors that have similar account to t he Bible Story.From my perspective, I would love to see more statues or pictures rather than riddle which I cant even understand. This is the trey book I have read that is related to china and by far the most details related to Christianity in China. I have unceasingly been interested in the history of china and this outlive book really shed some light for me about Gods love. Most of the events happen almost simultaneously with each other. One last history facts that really shock me is the belief of Confucius. I have always known him as one of the great Chinese Sage but he was more of the messenger of God prophet in China and he was a Christian.

Professional Cheating Websites Essay

Random interview is the method that we atomic number 18 going to procedure for gathering data beca expenditure in interviews information is obtained by dint of inquiry and enter by enumerators. Structured interviews atomic number 18 exerciseed by using survey forms, whereas raiseer interviews atomic number 18 notes capturen opus talking with respondents. The notes be subsequently merged construe foe further analysis. Open-ended interviews, which need to be interpreted and analyze fifty-fifty during the interview, survey to be carried knocked egress(p) by thoroughly-trained observers and/or enumerators. Gener exclusivelyy, structured interviews ar conducted with a well-designed form already realized. Forms atomic number 18 modify in by researches, instead of respondents, and in that it differs from questionnaires. While this come up is to a undischarged(p)er extent expensive, to a greater extent complicated questions spate be asked and data tummy be v alidated as it is collected, improving data quality. Interviews house be under detractn with phase of data sources, and th uneven alternative media, such as by call back or in person. The wad who are going to interview are the maritime assimilators of Dr,Yangas Colleges at DYCI. The interviewee came from both level of BSMT and BSMarE maritime naturalise-age child .It could be ages 16 to 18 above male or female.Confessions of a Professional College Cheater.IT WILL COME as spick-and-spans to no virtuoso who reads Dave Tomars new restrain that college kids bearded darnel as enthusiastically and ceremonially as they tailgate and copu easy, especially since Harvard recently announced that n early fractional of the 279 learners in a single Introduction to Congress trend are under investigating for give lessonsman dish mavensty. In the honourablely challenged haze of fledgeling dormitory life I did it myself, typography an occasional paper for an personable or under a cting friend, and it neer real occurred to me that this was wrong until I became a college prof and sat bring outraged on the other(a) attitude of the desk, interrogating a besides literate student who had suddenly blos or sod into an eloquent critic of Miltons promised land Lost. And after reading The Shadow educatee Im eyeing my true crop of students with an entirely new level of suspicion. Tomars book grew out of an article, penned under the name Ed Dante in The score of Higher cultivation in November 2010, that became the roughly widely read piece in the Chronicles history. The article, and at one and only(a) time the book, document the astounding scale and sophistication of deceit in todays wired world, which the author knows well he run lowed for ten years at superiorly organized profit companies, committal to writing term papers, class projects, and even a dissertation.In the wickedest of ironies, he raise his employers done a website that aims to preven t deceit by exposing the worst offenders. At this website, an interested reader get out find links to twain century such companies, all accepting Paypal, MasterCard, and Visa, and all eager to micturate your college pick up utterly painless(prenominal). adept site (CustomWritings.com) provides statistics, including (at press time) a 97 percent satisfaction rate and 1,373,890 pages written. I dont now how more to trust a union that relies on its guests willingness to lie, provided if those numbers are true, then this firm al matchless has produced every theorize 170,000 of the 7-to-10-page papers usually assign in introductory level classes. M both sites promise that their writers hold at least an M.A. or a Ph.D., and close to all of them guarantee that the customers essay will cruise through the plagiarism-detection software that almost Ameri contribute universities flummox purchased, at a tremendous cost, as the funds bullet in their anti- imposition arsenal.As Tomar describes the process, the writers for his former employer log in to the comp boths website and select an assignment from an online bulletin board. Students provide the topic and the deadline, and specialized guidelines from their instructor, and the desired citation style. Some students even ship involve blood texts to their subscribed hand Tomar claims this practice larded his shelves with thousands of dollars worth of books on constitutional history, belles-lettres, business, and psychology. exclusively that was one of the a couple of(prenominal) perks. Like a spirited-tech whipping boy, Tomar says he took on so much gain that he reproached his wellness and his relationships, all so that the pampered and unprepared could enjoy a painless college experience. The agreeable photos of carefree students on the cedeional fraud websites bear this out. As in the promotional materials distributed by the universities themselves, everyone is al federal agencys smiling. To mar is very, very angry, and although he comes to loathe the students who hire him, the real target of his ire is the universities. He is himself a graduate of Rutgers, and he seems genuinely traumatized by his witness stint on the banks of the old Raritan, which he believes left him without the skills to land any real job other than writing fraudulent college papers.From this experience he gleans several centerings that higher breeding in America has gone awry. Its not simply that few colleges are structured more corresponding corporations than handle places of information, Tomar notes, but that they are structured kindred dissecting businesses that dont give a crap close customer service or quality assurance. This is one of Tomars more astute observations. While nimble businesses, from Lego to Apple, deliver make customers fall in love with their reinvented products, universities still persist in replicating the early twentieth-century factory model espoused by Henry Fo rd customers advise induce a car painted any color they involve so long as it is black. As a teacher of Shakespeare, I bring in from this model all the time students from across the disciplines are forced to take my classes to fill various requirements, whether or not they will ever use iambic pentameter. It pays my bills. but where such requirements do not correspond to go along defined and valuable outcomes for students, they to a fault contribute to the truly f payening $1 trillion in outstanding U.S. student debt that, as Tomar notes, has mostly been accrued in the past four years.The driving engines of that debt remain the for-profit degree move such as theUniversity of Phoenix, which do not escape Tomars fury. The recreate assigned at such institutions was so easy, the standards so low, and the priorities so far-off removed from the interests of honest student evaluation that students might be for wedded for play to the free market to meet their intellectual needs. As the Harvard victimize turd has affirmed, however, even the scoop up universities have nigh such slack in the clay. Students caught up in the investigation have reported that the quarrel was notoriously kn let as an easy A with take-home exams and low standards. flux such factors with the universities generally sluggish stance toward technology, Tomar suggests, and the trick he documents is nearly inevitable. These points are well made, but not much else in this hyperbolize book has the same force. In discussing his erst bandage career, Tomar has called himself a master shite artist, and he boasts that he knows all the little tricks for churning out papers, like fluffing sentences with unnecessary clauses or adding gratuitous lines summarizing previous claims.Yet Tomars book whitethorn prove to be his bullshitting pice de rsistance, as it employs these same techniques at length, including notes and a bibliography drawn mostly from blogs and websites. For a apprize momen t, it seems as if this might be some sort of brilliant meta-narrative a Joycean performance of the sloppiness, clich, and superficial analysis that passes for writing in our universities today. that as Tomar reaches his solemn conclusion, explaining that he has attempted to describe the things that I had come to know, with the fancy that it could help all of us, this catchs to seem less likely. The job is that The Shadow Scholars argument never sincerely achieves the escape velocity that would be active it beyond the authors own miscellaneous grievances. By his own admission, Tomar doesnt know how to use a library and doesnt have a fucks clue how to do research if my meshing is deck and my phone battery is dead.For Tomar this is a point of pride, because the ease with which he manipulates the systemtricking all those doddering professorsshows that libraries and library-based curricula are trustless anyway. Again, I half(prenominal)-sympathize if any professors still ask s tudents to conduct research without online resources, they are clearly performing negligently. unless indisputablely the more responsibleand the more commonapproach is to guide students through the digital archives, accepting that they use Wikipedia and Google, but article of belief them that this should be the beginning rather than the end of their research. But Tomar overtly never discloseed this lesson, and his argument rarely reaches beyond the level of Googling, like one of those machine-authored books that use an algorithm to collate information close to a given topic. (If this is unfamiliar, see the 345,000 titles by Lambert M. Surhone on Barnesandnoble.com.) When arguing, for example, that Ameri weed raising scads students with debt without providing the skills to pay it back, Tomar writes that tally to the Guardian, student loans have been stripped of nearly all basic consumer protections.Nothing wrong with that, except that after continuing this quote for some le ngth, he launches directly into a new paragraph on An article in Mother Jones, and this takes us to a paragraph relating what the capital of the United States Post surmises, before a final section provides the truth according to the brisk York Times. The already underdeveloped argument must also fate space with a memoir of the authors misguided youth, and while Dave Tomar finds his lead character fascinating, his will probably be a nonage response. After the tenth account of Tomar getting stoned, or reeling out of a bar to vomit, it seems worth asking whether he may have borne some responsibility for his failure to find academic fulfillment and develop merchantable skills on campus. One suspects that Tomar was very good at churning out C- papers and that some of his clients got exactly what they deserved.Although The Shadow Scholar is a failed invective, it is an passing timely re intelligenceer that we would be unwise to brush off accounts of treason at Harvard or our local j unior college as a few bad apples. To prevent the offenses that Tomar describes, professors will also need to fabricate more proficient at pedagogies both old and new. Our first priority may be pedagogics students to navigate an online world where the meaning of intellectual seat is in flux. Universities clearly must also do a crack job teaching students actual skills rather than running them through gird until they accumulate enough seat time, measured in dollars and hours, to graduate. scantily as serious as such innovation, however, is the very traditional work of forming tutorial relationships that will model intellectual responsibility and demonstrate that thinking, rather than pay individual to do it for you, evoke be its own reward.Studies find more Students cheater, with High Achievers no Exception. Large-scale darnel has been uncovered over the brave year at some of the nations most hawkish schools, like Stuyvesant High developin Manhattan, the Air Force Acad emy and, most recently, Harvard. Studies of student behavior and attitudes show that a major(ip)ity of students violate standards of academic fairness to some degree, and that high achievers are honest as likely to do it as others. Moreover, thither is evidence that the problem has worsened over the function few decades. Experts say the reasons are relatively simple deceiver has become easier and more widely tolerated, and both schools and parents have failed to give students unwavering, repetitive messages close what is allowed and what is prohibited.I dont think theres any question that students have become more competitive, under more pressure, and, as a case, tend to excuse more from themselves and other students, and thats abetted by the adults around them, give tongue to Donald L. McCabe, a professor at the Rutgers University Business School, and a leading researcher on beguiler. There have always been struggle students who cheat to survive, he said. But more and mor e, there are students at the top who cheat to thrive. Internet access has made cheating easier, modify students to connect instantly with dos, friends to consult and works to plagiarize. And generations of research has shown that a major factor in unethical behavior is simply how easy or unuttered it is.A recent study by Jeffrey A. Roberts and David M. Wasieleski at Duquesne University found that the more online tools college students were allowed to use to complete an assignment, the more likely they were to copy the work of others. The Internet has changed attitudes, as a world of instant downloading, searching, cutting and pasting has unsnarled some ideas of ownership and authorship. An increased emphasis on having students work in teams may also have played a role. Students are surprisingly unclear about what constitutes plagiarism or cheating, said Mr. Wasieleski, an associate professor of management.Howard Gardner, a professor at the Harvard Graduate School of Education, said that over the 20 years he has studied professional and academic integrity, the ethical muscles have atrophied, in part because of a culture that exalts success, however it is attained. He said the attitude he has found among students at elite colleges is We want to be famous and successful, we think our colleagues are cutting corners, well be damned if well lose out to them, and some day, when weve made it, well be role models. But until then, give us a pass. Numerous projects and research studies have shown that ofttimes reinforcing standards, to both students and teachers, usher out lessen cheating. But experts say most schools fail to do so.Institutions do a poor job of making those boundaries clear and consistent, of educating students about them, of enforcing them, and of giving teachers a clear process to follow through on them, said Laurie L. Hazard, managing director of the schoolman Center for Excellence at Bryant University. In the programs that colleges run to he lp new students make the transition from high school, students are counseled on everything from food to friendships, but little or no time is spent on cheating, she said. A 2010 survey of Yale undergraduates by The Yale occasional News showed that most had never read the schools insurance policy on academic honesty, and most were unsure of the rules on sharing or recycling their work. In surveys of high school students, the Josephson Institute of Ethics, which advises schools on ethics rearing, has found that about three-fifths admit to having cheated in the previous year and about four-fifths say their own ethics are above average.Few schools place any meaningful emphasis on integrity, academic or otherwise, and colleges are even more indifferent than high schools, said Michael Josephson, president of the institute. When you mystify giving take-home exams and telling kids not to talk about it, or you let them carry smartphones into tests, its an invitation to cheating, he sai d. The faux pas that Harvard revealed in late August involved a take-home final exam in an undergraduate course with 279 students. The university has not yet held hearings on the charges, which may take months to resolve. Officials said akinities in test papers suggested that nearly half the class had broken the rules formerly morest plagiarism and working together some of the accused students said their behavior was innocent, or fell into gray areas. Mr. McCabes surveys, conducted around the country, have found that most college students see collaborating with others, even when it is forbidden, as a child offense or no offense at all. Nearly half take the same view of paraphrasing or copying psyche elses work without attribution.And most high school teachers and college professors surveyed fail to pursue some of the violations they find. Experts say that along with students, schools and technology, parents are also to blame. They cite surveys, anecdotal impressions and the wor k of researchers like Jean M. Twenge, author of the book Generation Me, to make the case that since the 1960s, parenting has shifted away from emphasizing obedience, honor and respect for authority to promoting childrens felicity while stoking their ambitions for material success. We have a culture now where we have real trouble accepting that our kids make mistakes and fail, and when they do, we tend to blame someone else, said Tricia Bertram Gallant, author of Creating the Ethical Academy, and director of the academic integrity office staff at the University of California at San Diego.Thirty, 40 years ago, the parent would come in and grab the kid by the ear, yell at him and whiff him home. Educators tell tales of students who grew up taking for granted not only that their exceedingly involved parents would help with schoolwork but that the help would strain the comment of the word. Ms. Gallant recalled giving integrity counseling to a student who would perpetrate research p apers to her render to review before turning them in and saw nothing wrong in that. One paper, it turned out, her mother had extensively rewritten and extensively plagiarized.The Good News in the Atlanta and D.C. School swindling Scandals With the possible exception of tot-murdering moms and professional basketball players who jilt their fans on live television, there is no more reviled figure in American life than Bernie Madoff. Portrayed on the cover of New York magazine in Heath-Ledger-as-Joker makeup, he has been variously described as a sociopath, a financial serial killer, and the devil incarnate. What nobody has said, however, is that Madoff was the victim of a profession that puts dark pressure on money managers to worldly concernly report their success in the market. And, while plenty of deserved scorn has been heaped on the auxiliary financial institutions and hapless federal regulators who allowed his fraud to unfold for decades, nobody has suggested that those la pses in any way mitigate Madoffs culpability in his crimes. Society has interpreted away all of Madoffs money and freedom, but it has left him with one thing the dignity underlying in possessing moral responsibility for doing wrong. It has been less respectful, unfortunately, to educators in our public schools.Recent weeks have seen reports of a terrible cheating scandal in Atlanta a Georgia state investigation implicated scores of teachers and principals of systematically falsifying student test scores. in the beginning this year, USA Today revealed evidence of test score manipulation in the District of Columbia. Similar scandals have erupted over the years in Houston, Oakland, Dallas, Chicago, and elsewhere, all tied to the pressure educators feel to show evidence of student learning on interchangeable tests. And, every time news of cheating breaks, opponents of standardized interrogation and accountability in public education have been degenerate to deflect blame from morall y challenged educators and aim it toward the tests themselves. When asked about Atlanta, noted school reform apostate Diane Ravitch pointed the finger at the federal No pincer Left Behind law, saying that, when high-stakes incentives are attached to test scores, we are virtually inviting teachers to cheat. At the Daily Kos, readers were told that the tests, and the stakes attached to them, are the issue. No rational person can look at cheating this widespread and decide its existence is about the individuals, however blameworthy their behavior may be.One Atlanta-area teacher put it this way Anybody whose job is tied to performance, it is a setup. In search of a theory to back up these assertions, testing opponents often invoke Campbells Law, an adage put forth in the 1970s by societal scientist Donald Campbell. It holds that the more any quantitative social indicator e.g. standardized testing is used for social decision-making, the more subject it will be to degeneration pressu res. As a way of understanding education policy, or anything else, Campbells Law is both inaccurate and banal. In reality, most people are quite adept at resisting corruption pressure, which is wherefore the vast majority of teachers whose students take standardized tests do not cheat. And, while some do, the fallibility of humankind has been known for a long time. So I hereby coin Careys Law, which holds that trite observations are more likely to be shamed as sacred principles if someone happens to describe them as laws. TO BE SURE, people (and teachers) will succumb to dishonesty. They cheat on their taxes, spouses, and golf partners.Cheating corrodes trust in all things, especially education. Students whose test scores are manipulated upward dont the get the extra attention they need. And, since teachers are increasingly being evaluated by how much their students test scores improve, a teacher who inflates scores could potentially cost her colleagues in the next marker of thei r job performance. But cheating also means that public schools last care enough about student performance that some ethically challenged educators have chosen to cheat. This is far better than the alternative, where learning is so incidental expense and non-transparent that people of low character cant be fazed to lie about it. Blaming cheating on the test amounts to infantilizing teachers, moving teaching 180 degrees away from the kind of professionalization that teacher advocates often profess to support. Instead of doing away with the pressures of a performance-based system, the best way to combat cheating is by building institutions that have systems and organizational cultures that minimize the amount of corruption and abuse that occurs.This is harder to do in some places than in others. The District of Columbia, for example, is not exactly a bastion of civic virtue. Half the members of our city council before long stand accused of some form of misconduct, including council p resident Kwame Brown, who is being investigated by the U.S. Attorney for matters regarding the use of hundreds of thousands of dollars in campaign funds. Nobody, by the way, is blaming the corruption pressures inherent to our vote-intensive election system for Browns alleged misdeeds. Indeed, its not a coincidence that cheating scandals tend to erupt in municipalities whose public institutions suffer from corruption. But, when the Atlanta police department was rocked by accusations that officers falsified warrants, planted evidence, and gunned down a 92-year old woman in a botched dose raid, national commentators didnt pin the blame on a system that holds police departments accountable for solving crimes. Corruption, educational or otherwise, should be fought with strong law enforcement, the election of public officials with integrity, and the vigilance of citizens groups and a open-eyed press.The Securities and Exchange Commission exists because lawmakers correctly assume that th e pressures and temptations of making money are so great that companies and financial actors cant be trusted. new(prenominal) than lunatic objectivistsand Wall Street water-carriers, nobody reacted to Madoff, Enron, or WorldCom by trade for less enforcement and public reporting of information. Instead, they in effect(p)ly called for more. Finally, we should never forget that cheating in public education long predates the advent of standardized testing and accountability.Back then, it happened in the form of students who were ill-taught and passed along through grades until they were handed a diploma despite their inability to read, write, work with numbers, or otherwise perform any of the skills and tasks necessary to make a decent life in the modern world. Often, their children were sent back into the very same dysfunctional systems to begin the cycle anew. The only difference was, that kind of cheating didnt result in state investigations, newspapers headlines, and calls for th e responsible parties to be thrown in jail. The new way we structure testing and reward and punish people for their actions with regard to that testing is better for studentsand even teachersin the long run. Kevin Carey is the policy director of Education Sector, a think tank in Washington, D.C.Cheating is Cheating is Cheating.MANILA, Philippines DEAR CHICO AND DELAMARI do a little tutoring on the side to earn some extra money while in college, and Ive become friends with most of my students as they are mostly just a few years younger than I am. We often still make it with each other even after Ive stopped tutoring them. One of the guys that Ive become close to has recently come to me and tearfully confided that he cheated in an exam and ended up winning an award because of it. I was very disappointed by what he did, because hes a very smart kid and has a generally sterling academic record. He says that he only did it because his family was going to a really rough patch and he did nt want an academic failure to compound their problems. He sure seems guilty over it, and has promised me to never do it again because it wasnt worth the guilt. What Im torn about is whether I should tell the school about it. I feel bad about what hes done, but telling the school would possibly ruin his reputation and his chances at getting into a great college. Should I just let it go and trust that he wont do it again? -Leonard CHICO SAYSI must admit, this is a tough one. Its the guiltless choice between doing the kind thing and doing the right thing.I cant tell you what is the right thing to do, but what I can do is tell you is what Id do. I dont know if Id have the heart to turn him in. tied(p) if I knew that on paper its the right thing to do, I dont know if Id muster the resolve. If you cant choose between the two, you can always try and induce him to do the right thing for himself. Besides, its his misdeed thats cause all this guilt, so he is the best person to right th is point wrong. Im sure most people would be like, whats the big deal? Hes lgain his lesson, and everybody cheats every now and then, so why ruin a promising future? But remember, somebody who deserved that award was robbed of it. No matter how big or small the accolade, someone else deserved to get that award. And if a young mind gets the idea that he can get away with robbing someone of something as long as he doesnt get caught, then who is to say that it will stop here? Who is to say that some of the crooked people in high places didnt get their start with petty crimes like cheating in exams? Leave this sliding doors moment for him to decide.He can opt to leave things as they are and move on, or he can step up to the plate and right the wrong with his own hands, the very hands that caused the injustice in the first place. If he thinks the right thing for him to do is to own up to the cheating, then there is no other recourse but to bite the bullet and confess, just like if you f eel it is your duty to report him, then you are beholden to yourself to do so. For all you know, him confessing may be a bitch to handle now, but it could also be the best thing that ever happened to him. Character is hard to come by these days. Something like this could actually build him some. Do what feels right to you at this moment in difficult situations like these, its the best you can do. DELAMAR SAYSThere is no way you can be sure he wont do it again. There is no way that you can be sure that the next time a similar situation happens he wont take the easy way of cheating again. In his mind he might justify cheating as long as he can say he did it for his family. And did he really do it just to not add on to his family problems? And would it really have added to his familys problems?Isnt it understandable that when families go through problems childrens school work do suffer? Did he really do it for family? Or, did he do it for himself? If there was a way to make sure this r eally was a one time and only a one time thing, most people will say why not let it pass without resolution? But thats the thing, there is no way you can tell. And the one thing that needs to be considered more than just whether he will do it again or not is this him cheating earned him an award. Which means his cheating deprived someone of an award that would have been legitimately earned. He took it from somebody else who would have justly earned it. And in my sight, that is certainly not fair. I think this problem is a question of being understanding to someone who was just really pushed to the edge or do you consider this as a great opportunity to learn a very hard lesson too. The lesson that cheating is cheating is cheating.No matter what your justification is it is still a wrong that has consequences. The consequence that is so great, at the cost of his good reputation being tarnished and risking his fascinate to a good college, that he will never cheat again. Cheating can destroy all your previous honest efforts. That is a great lesson he will never forget. And also he has to learn that his cheating deprived someone of that award. And these things if he has to pay the consequence will sure as shooting send a message that cheating isnt worth it. He will learn that he just has to live with not performing well when his family is going through something rather than to automatically cheat. Your decision lies with how well you know your student. Will this serve as a lesson he will never forget and never do again?Or, is this his chance to learn at this point and painfully that there are consequences to the actions we do? What can your conscience live with? Whatever you decide I just hope the person who might have been deprived of that award the student earned with his cheating efforts will still get what he deserves. Maybe you can figure out a way to punish the act of cheating but at the same time give him some border because he did come forward to admit his wrongdoing? In my opinion the best way is to show him that this act cannot go without consequence, some consequence. You can argue on his behalf that the punishment be less severe so as not to risk his college entrance but he certainly has to understand that he cannot get away with cheating without paying the price. sendup or Cheat.Cheat.Its probably something that weve done at least once in our academic life. Whether through hidden answer sheets, information dual-lane with friends from different sections, or just taking a peek at a seatmates paper, not very many of us can claim to be innocent in this regard. Penelope (not her real name) a college senior at a school in manilla papers University Belt, admits to be cheating in exams since she was in fourth year high school. I needed to, she justifies. We had to memorize the formulas in our Physics class and we werent allowed to have an index card to look at. I was a scene to become an outstanding student at the time and I didn t want to fail that exam. Aside from looking at her seatmates paper, she also had a small paper with all the needed formulas hidden in her socks. Penelope has never been caught, but on the occasion that she is, she says she plans to apologize to the teacher. But that doesnt mean Ill stop.I believe cheating is one of the elements of being a student, she says. Penelopes story is something that is replicated in the lives of other students across the city. Just like Penelope, Nicole (not her real name) began cheating in exams in high school, mainly because everyone else in her class was doing it. It wasnt intentional at first. The examiner was out of the room, and I took the liberty to check my notes in biota and compare if my answers were correct. I found it really rewarding to get a perfect score, she recalls. But unlike Penelope, Nicole was unlucky enough to get caught. I decided not to do it anymore and try to rely on my full capacity to answer all subsequent tests, she says. Howeve r, try is the important word in Nicoles statement. When asked if getting caught stopped her from cheating, her reply is soon and direct to the point Not really.MODERN CHEATINGThe temptation to cheat is even easier for todays technologically-advanced youth. With mobile phones making the transmission of messages easier and the Internet making the sharing of information much quicker, todays Filipino student can just as easily download his answers from a computer as he can from looking at his seatmates answers. However, it would seem that the tried and tested technique of looking at the answer of seatmates, passing around notes, and reliable classmates are the methods preferred by todays young Filipinos. If you give people answers, they give you answers back, says Elle (not her real name). My two friends and I would form a triangle with our seats we call it the trigon Offense. It gave us good angles. I also ask people whove taken the tests earlier for questions and answers.Mark (not his real name) also relied on his classmates to get a higher grade than the one he would have otherwise received on his tests. Back in high school, teachers would have us counterchange papers with our fellow classmates and we would have to honestly mark each others tests. It wasnt me who changed the answers, but my seatmate whos marking it. Thats what made it possible, he says. Just like Nicole, Elle has already been caught cheating. And just like Nicole, Elle says this hasnt stopped her from cheating. Ive been caught, and I just made pa-cute and joked around. I charmed the teacher, she says. Getting caught didnt stop me from cheating. It empowered me even more.CHEAT BUSTERSIf cheating seems unavoidable, what can school administrations do? Preventing behavior like this from occurring in the first place seems to be the approach being taken by educational institutions. The De La Salle University, for instance, has a purify Office (DO), which promotes students discipline, maintains peace, order and cleanliness in the University, and seeks to prevent, rather than correct, unseemly student behavior. Nimpha Baldeo, the DO head, says that her office conducts regular seminars and lectures on values for teachers, parents, and students, and comes out with publications on these topics such as modules, a DO Guide, and a DO Bulletin. Discipline awareness is also celebrated every October by the academic lodge with exhibits and forums to intensify the information drive on University policies, rules and regulations, she says.The University also recently established the Compliance Office to ensure that all significant requirements necessary for configuration with law, regulation, or other binding rules in and outside the University are in place. Students who are caught cheating are not immediately suspended or expelled, rather, they are put under probation and exposed to a series of seminars and link activities on values formation and clarification. DLSU also curbs plagi arism and protects intellectual rights. Academic papers have to cite its sources, whether from open source references like Wikipedia or from traditional materials, and written permission from concerned faculty members are required if a student intends to submit the same work to another course for extra credit.A MATTER OF TRUSTAlexandra (not her real name), a literature professor for two years at a prominent university in Quezon City, has a much more personal view of how to stop cheating among the student body. Alexandra says that in her short years of teaching, she has not yet encountered a case of cheating in her class. While part of this is because most of her examinations are essay-based, she also says that this is because she trusts that her students know better than to cheat. When I give objective tests, I dont patrol. You could say I dont even really check, she reveals. I feel its a very obvious sign of not trusting them.These kids are in college. its no longer high school or grade school. What they do with their education is their business. Im there to guide and instruct, but Im not there to be their mother. Show them that you trust them somehow, and hopefully, theyll live up to it. Alexandra says that rather than looking to change how students behave, educators should instead look into themselves and find out if they are the ones contributing to the problem. I think cheating can be curbed, because I honestly think that students cheat if they feel that its impossible, she says. And impossible action is a result of demanding too much output when you havent even put much in to begin with. If youre a good educator, students wont feel the need to cheat. 1 . New Republic, by Blaine Greteman, September 12, 2012 2 . The New York Times, by Richard Perez-Pea, September 7, 2012 3 . New Republic, Kevin Carey, July 19, 2011 4 . Manila Bulletin Publishing Corporation, Chico and Delamar, November 9, 2011 5 . Manila Bulletin Publishing Corporation, Ronald S. Lim, N ovember12, 2009